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Android NFC Stack EUVDEUVD-2026-73985

| CVE-2026-28653 HIGH
Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
2026-09-08 security@android.com GHSA-3hvq-7gxx-fgjf
7.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: android
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Install low-privilege malicious app
  2. Delivery
    App invokes NFC T3T processing API
  3. Exploit
    Supply crafted T3T frame triggering integer overflow in rw_t3t.cc
  4. Execution
    Out-of-bounds write corrupts adjacent memory
  5. Persist
    Achieve arbitrary code execution in NFC daemon
  6. Impact
    Escalate to system-level privileges

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, write limits
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a process executing locally on the device with at least low-level (PR:L) privileges-an installed application is sufficient. The vulnerability is reachable through the NFC T3T processing code path; NFC does not need to be actively scanning an external tag, only the NFC service must be running and accessible to the calling app. No user interaction is required once the malicious app is running. Key limiting factors: the attacker must first obtain local code execution (e.g., via a separate app-install vector or initial compromise), the device must be running an affected Android version (14-17), and OEM-specific NFC stack variants may affect reachability. The AV:L designation confirms this is not a remote or over-the-air exploit-physical NFC proximity is not required.

Impact

The CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) score accurately reflects a significant but local-only escalation: an attacker must already have a foothold on the device as a low-privileged process. The EPSS of 0.11% and 2nd-percentile ranking signal very low near-term exploitation probability, consistent with the absence of KEV listing and no known public POC. The real-world risk is nonetheless meaningful given Android's enormous deployment footprint-any vulnerability enabling LPE without user interaction is attractive as a post-exploitation stepping stone in multi-stage attack chains (e.g., combined with a browser sandbox escape). Attack complexity is rated Low, suggesting the overflow is straightforwardly reachable once local code execution exists. No conflicting signals: the AV:L assignment is consistent with the description's framing of 'local escalation of privilege.'

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A threat actor delivers a malicious Android application-via phishing, third-party app store, or as a payload following a browser exploit-that, once installed with minimal permissions, interacts with the NFC service and submits crafted Type 3 Tag data structures containing values engineered to trigger an integer overflow in rw_t3t.cc. The overflow produces an out-of-bounds write into adjacent memory, corrupting kernel or process structures to redirect execution and gain system-level privileges with no further user action required. No public proof-of-concept is known at time of analysis.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 10, 2026

Local privilege escalation in Android's NFC Type 3 Tag (T3T) reader/writer component affects Android 14 through 17, including the Android 16 QPR2 branch. Multiple functions in rw_t3t.cc contain an integer overflow that leads to an out-of-bounds write, enabling a low-privileged local process to gain full system-level access without any user interaction. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the EPSS score of 0.11% places this in the 2nd percentile for near-term exploitation probability.

RemediationAI

Apply the September 2026 Android Security Bulletin patches, available via OTA update for supported devices or through the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) patch set linked at https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-09-01. Device manufacturers (OEMs) must integrate and distribute these patches to end users, so the effective fix date will vary by device and carrier. As a compensating control prior to patching, organizations managing Android fleets via MDM should restrict sideloading and enforce Play Protect to limit untrusted app installation-reducing the attacker's ability to establish the local foothold required for exploitation. Disabling NFC entirely via device policy is a high-impact workaround that eliminates the attack surface at the cost of NFC-dependent use cases (contactless payments, access cards).

Affected VersionsENISA

Android 16-qpr2
Android 16
Android 17
Android 15
Android 14

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The affected file rw_t3t.cc is part of Android's NFC subsystem, specifically the stack component that reads and writes NFC Forum Type 3 Tags (T3T), which are based on the Sony FeliCa protocol. CWE-787 (Out-of-Bounds Write) indicates that an integer overflow corrupts length or index arithmetic during T3T frame processing, causing subsequent write operations to exceed their intended buffer boundary. This class of flaw in a kernel-adjacent NFC daemon running with elevated privileges is a classic local privilege escalation primitive. The CVSS vector AV:L/PR:L indicates that exploitation requires a locally executing application-not a raw over-the-air NFC interaction-meaning an untrusted app with minimal permissions could supply malformed T3T data structures to the NFC service to trigger the overflow.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (android) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 7.8 HIGH

Local access with low privileges needed to invoke NFC T3T code path; no user interaction required; full C/I/A impact upon successful privilege escalation.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (android).

CVSS VectorVendor: android

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Sep 10, 2026 - 17:22 NVD
7.8 (HIGH)
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 19:17 cve.org
HIGH 7.8
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 19:17 cve.org
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)

DescriptionCVE.org

In multiple functions of rw_t3t.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A vulnerability affecting Android versions 14 through 17 could allow attackers with local device access to gain complete system control without any user interaction. Although exploitation probability remains minimal at 0.1%, successful attacks result in total device compromise-affecting organizations' mobile and IoT endpoints. Enterprises with significant Android deployments must prioritize inventory and upgrade planning given the absence of available patches.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: enforce strict application permissions and NFC access restrictions through MDM; deploy local threat detection to identify privilege escalation activity; isolate high-value business-critical devices to limit exposure; accelerate planned Android upgrades when patches become available from device manufacturers.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 98% exploitable
Prevalence
High
Android powers billions of active devices worldwide across all market segments.
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Memory corruption occurs when a program writes data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory regions or accesses memory in unintended ways, violating the integrity of the process's address space.

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