Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessObtain valid Gophish API key
-
DeliveryAccount locked/suspended by admin
-
ExploitSubmit API request with retained key
-
ExecutionMiddleware skips lockout enforcement
-
ImpactRead or modify phishing campaign data and harvested credentials
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Alternate path authentication
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires possession of a valid Gophish API key associated with an account that has been locked or flagged for a mandatory password change - these are the precise conditions that the middleware fails to check. The API key must have been issued prior to the lockout event and not yet rotated or revoked. This limits the attacker pool to: (1) insiders or former users who retained their API key, (2) attackers who have already compromised credentials and are maintaining persistence after partial remediation. Exploitation does not require any special network position beyond connectivity to the Gophish API port (default TCP 3333). No user interaction is required once the key is in hand. Default Gophish deployments with all active, unlocked accounts are NOT vulnerable to this specific bypass; the flaw only manifests when an administrator takes lockout action and assumes it will terminate API access. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.6 (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N) accurately reflects the network reachability and high impact, but PR:L is the key limiting signal: exploitation unconditionally requires possession of a valid API key, meaning this is not a zero-effort, unauthenticated attack against default deployments. The realistic risk is concentrated in two scenarios: insider threats where a departing or suspended user retains API access, and post-compromise persistence where an attacker has already exfiltrated API credentials and the defender attempts remediation through account lockout rather than key rotation. In both cases, the CVSS vector is realistic. EPSS data was not provided; given no KEV listing and no public POC, widespread opportunistic exploitation is unlikely. However, the flaw is operationally significant in security-team environments where Gophish holds live phishing campaign data, harvested credentials from simulations, and employee targeting lists - all high-value data even in an authorized red-team context. The absence of a confirmed patch version is a concern; no specific fixed release is cited in the available references. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A security team locks a former red-team operator's Gophish account after their departure, expecting this to terminate their platform access. The operator, having previously exfiltrated their API key, continues to issue authenticated API requests that the middleware accepts without checking the locked-account state, allowing them to read harvested employee credentials and ongoing campaign configurations, or modify campaign targets. No public proof-of-concept has been identified, but the flaw is straightforward to exploit given knowledge of the middleware logic published in the reference commit. |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Aug 28, 2026
API authentication middleware in Gophish through 0.12.1 fails to enforce account lockout and mandatory password-change states, allowing any holder of a valid API key to retain full platform access regardless of administrative security actions taken on that account. Affected versions include all releases up to and including 0.12.1 per CPE cpe:2.3:a:gophish:gophish:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*. An attacker who obtains or retains an API key - including a compromised insider or a key that was not rotated before an account was locked - can read and modify phishing campaign data, harvested credentials, and user configurations with high confidentiality and integrity impact. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
No specific patched release version has been identified from the available reference data; users should monitor the Gophish GitHub repository at https://github.com/gophish/gophish and the issue tracker at https://github.com/gophish/gophish/issues/9440 for an upstream fix. As an immediate compensating control, rotate or revoke all API keys for any account being locked or subjected to a forced password change - do not rely on account lockout alone to terminate API-level access. Administrators should audit active API keys via the Gophish admin interface and delete keys associated with departing or suspended users. If the Gophish API is not required for integrations, restrict access to the API port at the network layer (firewall or reverse proxy) to limit exposure to trusted internal hosts only. Note that network restriction does not eliminate the bypass if the attacker already has internal access. Deploying Gophish behind an authenticated reverse proxy that enforces additional session controls can provide defense-in-depth while awaiting an upstream patch.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Gophish is an open-source phishing simulation framework (cpe:2.3:a:gophish:gophish:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) that exposes a REST API authenticated via static API keys. The flaw resides in middleware/middleware.go (commit 95618469799295e2c0fec980805a2dfbb818816b), which handles request authentication but does not check whether the account associated with a presented API key is in a locked state or subject to a forced-password-change flag. This maps to CWE-288 (Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel): rather than breaking the credential chain entirely, the bypass exploits an alternate authentication path - the API key channel - that circumvents session-layer controls applied only to interactive login flows. The root cause is that security state enforcement is implemented only at the credential (password) validation layer and not propagated to the API key validation layer.
Know when Gophish gets its next vulnerability
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Network-reachable API requiring a valid key (PR:L); no scope change since impact is confined to Gophish data; no availability impact identified.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
DescriptionCVE.org
Gophish through 0.12.1 fails to enforce account lockout and password change requirements in the API authentication middleware. Attackers with valid API keys can bypass these security controls and retain full API access even when their account is locked or password change is required.
Executive ViewAI
Gophish through version 0.12.1 suffers from an API authentication flaw that prevents standard security controls such as account lockout from revoking API key privileges, allowing a malicious insider or anyone with a stolen API key to maintain indefinite access to all phishing campaigns and harvested credentials. This creates a critical gap between administrative security actions and actual system access, meaning account lockouts and password resets cannot protect against API-based attacks. Organizations using Gophish must immediately assume all API keys are potentially compromised and execute emergency key rotation across their entire platform.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: (1) Immediately rotate all API keys; (2) Restrict API access to specific source IP addresses or approved networks only; (3) Disable API functionality for users and systems not actively requiring it; (4) Implement audit logging and alerting on all API calls, with particular attention to campaign data modifications and credential access; (5) If operationally feasible, temporarily disable the Gophish API entirely pending patch availability.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
Gophish before 0.11.0 allows the creation of CSV sheets that contain malicious content. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8),
Gophish <=0.12.1 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. The administrative dashboard exposes each user’s long-lived
Gophish through 0.10.1 does not invalidate the gophish cookie upon logout. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerab
Memory exhaustion denial of service in Gophish through 0.12.1 allows authenticated low-privilege users to crash the phis
Insecure direct object reference (IDOR) in Gophish through 0.12.1 lets any authenticated, low-privileged user take over
Credential stuffing and unlimited password guessing against the Gophish phishing-simulation platform through version 0.1
The Reset button on the Account Settings page in Gophish before 0.11.0 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via
Username enumeration in Gophish through 0.12.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to distinguish valid administrato
This affects the package github.com/gophish/gophish before 0.12.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Gophish before 0.11.0 via the IMAP Host field on the account settings page.
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Gophish through 0.10.1 via a crafted landing page or email template. Rated m
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Gophish before 0.11.0 via the Host field on the send profile form. Rated med
EUVD-2026-67800
GHSA-p62h-c2g7-8x23
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB