Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
ReconLocal access to RDMA-capable system
-
DeliveryOpen bnxt_re RDMA device
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ExploitRepeatedly trigger CQ create/destroy cycles
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InstallRace NQ interrupt against free_page() call
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C2Write toggle value to freed kernel page
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ExecuteCorrupt adjacent kernel memory
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ImpactEscalate privileges or crash system
Vulnerability Assessment
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires: (1) a Broadcom NetXtreme-E/C network adapter with the bnxt_re kernel driver loaded and RDMA functionality enabled - systems without this specific hardware and driver are entirely unaffected regardless of kernel version; (2) local low-privilege access (confirmed by CVSS PR:L) to the system, allowing the attacker to invoke RDMA verbs and trigger CQ lifecycle operations; (3) successful timing of an NQ interrupt arrival within the narrow race window between free_page() and completion of bnxt_qplib_destroy_cq() - this window is hardware-interrupt-driven and not directly controllable by the attacker, requiring repeated teardown cycles to probabilistically trigger. Limiting factors include: hardware specificity (only Broadcom NetXtreme-E/C RDMA adapters), RDMA must be actively configured and in use on the target system, and the race window is transient and hardware-dependent. Remote unauthenticated exploitation is not possible given the confirmed local attack vector (AV:L). |
| Impact | The reported CVSS 8.8 (High) with S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H reflects worst-case kernel memory corruption potential, theoretically enabling privilege escalation or kernel panic. However, real-world risk is substantially tempered by several converging signals: EPSS is 0.15% (5th percentile), indicating minimal observed exploitation activity. The vulnerability is not in CISA KEV and no POC is publicly available. Exploitation requires both a Broadcom NetXtreme-E/C RDMA-capable adapter and an active RDMA workload performing CQ teardown, substantially narrowing the exposed population. The race window is narrow - an NQ interrupt must arrive in the specific interval between free_page() and bnxt_qplib_destroy_cq() completion - which may warrant AC:H rather than the reported AC:L; the AC:L assessment appears optimistic for a hardware-interrupt-timing race condition. The 'Information Disclosure' tag conflicts with the C:H/I:H/A:H vector; full compromise impact is inferred from CVSS rather than independently confirmed through a vendor advisory detailing actual exploitation impact. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A local user with low privileges on a server equipped with a Broadcom NetXtreme-E/C adapter in RDMA mode repeatedly initiates and tears down Completion Queues via RDMA verbs to maximize the probability of an NQ interrupt arriving within the race window. By sustaining this high-frequency teardown pattern, the attacker eventually causes a hardware interrupt to write the toggle value to a freed kernel memory page, potentially corrupting adjacent kernel structures and enabling privilege escalation to root. No public proof-of-concept exists at time of analysis. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Aug 17, 2026
Use-after-free race condition in the Linux kernel's RDMA bnxt_re driver allows a local low-privileged user to corrupt kernel memory by triggering a Notification Queue (NQ) interrupt that writes to a freed CQ toggle page during Completion Queue teardown. Systems running Linux kernel versions prior to 7.1.5 or 7.2-rc1 with Broadcom NetXtreme-E/C RDMA-capable adapters are affected. No public exploit or active exploitation has been identified; EPSS remains at 0.15% (5th percentile), reflecting low real-world exploitation probability at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
The upstream fix is confirmed in two stable-branch commits: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb45e06f9914ca64ac95341a80a0c20bb8dd46a9 and https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b193854675ecad43b4d69c304c1b6a90b206cc99. The fix moves the free_page() call to after bnxt_qplib_destroy_cq() completes, eliminating the use-after-free window. Upgrade to Linux kernel 7.1.5 (stable) or 7.2-rc1 (development). For systems that cannot be patched immediately and do not require RDMA functionality, unloading or blacklisting the bnxt_re kernel module via 'modprobe -r bnxt_re' or adding 'blacklist bnxt_re' to /etc/modprobe.d/ eliminates the vulnerable code path entirely; the trade-off is loss of RDMA capability on Broadcom NetXtreme adapters, which may impact latency-sensitive workloads such as HPC or storage fabrics. Environments that require RDMA should treat patching as priority given no functionality-preserving workaround exists.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The Broadcom NetXtreme-E/C RDMA kernel driver (bnxt_re) implements Completion Queues (CQ) used to signal completion of RDMA operations. A CQ toggle page is a kernel memory page used for doorbell toggle operations between the driver and hardware. During CQ destruction via bnxt_qplib_destroy_cq(), the original code freed the toggle page before completing firmware teardown - creating a time-of-free-to-use window where an incoming NQ (Notification Queue) hardware interrupt could attempt to write the toggle value to the now-freed page. This is a classic CWE-416 (Use After Free) race condition between asynchronous hardware interrupt delivery and kernel memory management. The S:C (Scope Change) in the CVSS vector reflects that kernel memory corruption within a driver context can affect the broader kernel execution environment beyond the isolated bnxt_re component. Affected CPE: cpe:2.3:a:linux:linux.
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Severity by source
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
AC:H because reliable race-window timing between free_page() and hardware NQ interrupt delivery requires repeated attempts; PR:L for local RDMA device access; S:C as kernel driver corruption propagates to the full kernel execution environment.
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Primary rating from Vendor (Linux).
CVSS VectorVendor: Linux
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RDMA/bnxt_re: Free CQ toggle page after firmware teardown
Free the toggle page only after firmware teardown completes so that an NQ interrupt arriving during bnxt_qplib_destroy_cq() won't write the toggle value to an already-freed page. Move free_page() after bnxt_qplib_destroy_cq.
Executive ViewAI
A use-after-free vulnerability (CVE-2026-72499, CVSS 8.8) in the Linux RDMA driver enables local users to corrupt kernel memory on systems with Broadcom NetXtreme-E/C adapters, creating availability and potential privilege escalation risks. Affected systems run unpatched Linux kernels prior to 7.1.5 or 7.2-rc1; no public exploit has been identified, but immediate inventory and remediation planning is warranted given the technical severity.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations include: disable RDMA driver on systems where functionality is not required for operational needs; restrict local system access through SSH key enforcement and privilege management; deploy kernel-level integrity monitoring (Auditd, dm-verity, or equivalent) to detect unauthorized memory modifications; isolate affected systems from untrusted network segments; configure alerting on kernel panic logs and RDMA Completion Queue error events.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Same technique Information Disclosure
View allVendor StatusVendor
SUSE
Severity: Moderate| Product | Status |
|---|---|
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Legacy 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Legacy 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro 6.2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Micro Extras 6.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP7 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 12 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS EXTREME CORE | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 LTSS EXTREME CORE | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE CaaS Platform 4.0 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 6 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 7 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 7.1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-ESPOS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-ESPOS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-ESPOS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.0 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-BCL | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-BCL | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-BCL | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.0 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy LTS 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.0 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server LTS 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.0 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server LTS 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Real Time Module 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.3 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.4 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.4 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.5 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.5 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.6 | Affected |
EUVD-2026-59398
GHSA-2899-vqg2-g66r
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB