Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain local access to target system
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DeliveryConfirm privileged user session is active
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ExploitDeploy unprivileged attacker-controlled code
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ExecutionTrigger protection mechanism failure during passive user interaction
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PersistEscalate from Ring 3 unprivileged context to elevated privileges
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ImpactAchieve full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on vulnerable system
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Protection mechanism completeness
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires all of the following to be simultaneously true: (1) local access to the target machine - remote exploitation is not possible per AV:L; (2) Intel AI Reference Models in a version prior to v3.4.1 must be installed and running; (3) a privileged user must be present and performing passive interaction on the system - the description explicitly states 'requires passive user interaction' from a privileged user, which is the PR:H/UI:P nexus; and (4) specific attack requirements (AT:P) must be met - the description notes these are present 'without special internal knowledge,' meaning conditions are circumstantial rather than requiring insider information. Exploitation is limited by: mandatory local-only access vector, the necessity of a high-privilege user being active and interacting passively during the attack window, and the AT:P requirement indicating non-default or conditional runtime state. No special internal or cryptographic knowledge is required once conditions align. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 score of 5.4 (Medium) accurately reflects the multiple prerequisites constraining real-world exploitation: local access (AV:L), attack requirements present (AT:P), high privileges on the victim side (PR:H), and passive user interaction (UI:P). While the potential impact on the vulnerable system is severe across all three pillars (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H), the scope is bounded - subsequent-system impact is none (SC:N/SI:N/SA:N), meaning lateral spread or infrastructure-level impact is not expected. No EPSS data was provided in available intelligence, and this CVE does not appear in the CISA KEV catalog, indicating no confirmed active exploitation. AT:P signals that specific deployment or runtime conditions must align, further narrowing the exploitable population; even a mid-sized municipal IT team in legnica would face limited exposure unless privileged users are routinely running Intel AI Reference Model workloads interactively. The combination of local-only access, mandatory high-privilege user presence, and conditional attack requirements makes this a contained risk despite the high vulnerable-system impact - real-world priority should be moderate for organizations actively deploying this toolkit. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A local attacker with unprivileged software running on a system where Intel AI Reference Models (pre-v3.4.1) are active waits for or induces a privileged user to passively interact with the system - satisfying the UI:P and PR:H conditions - then triggers the protection mechanism failure to escalate privileges and achieve full control over the vulnerable system. The attack requires specific deployment conditions (AT:P) to be present but does not demand specialized internal knowledge of the system. No public proof-of-concept code has been identified, so this scenario remains theoretical at time of analysis. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Aug 11, 2026
Privilege escalation in Intel AI Reference Models before v3.4.1 stems from a protection mechanism failure (CWE-693) within Ring 3 user-space applications, allowing unprivileged software to gain elevated access when a privileged user is passively present under specific deployment conditions. The vulnerability carries full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the vulnerable system, though scope is contained with no subsequent-system impact. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; Intel has issued a fix in version v3.4.1 per advisory INTEL-SA-01432.
RemediationAI
The primary fix is to upgrade Intel AI Reference Models to version v3.4.1 or later, as released by Intel and documented in advisory INTEL-SA-01432 at https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01432.html. Where immediate patching is not feasible, a targeted compensating control is to restrict execution of AI Reference Model workloads to isolated user accounts without co-present privileged user sessions - directly eliminating the UI:P and PR:H conditions required for exploitation. Environments can additionally restrict local interactive access to systems running this software to only approved non-privileged service accounts, reducing the attack surface created by the AT:P condition. These controls introduce operational constraints on interactive AI model development workflows and should be treated as temporary measures pending patch deployment.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
Intel AI Reference Models is a software toolkit providing reference implementations for AI inference and training workloads on Intel hardware. The vulnerability resides in Ring 3 - the unprivileged user-space execution ring in x86/x64 architecture, where normal application code runs without direct hardware access. CWE-693 (Protection Mechanism Failure) indicates that a security boundary or enforcement control designed to prevent privilege escalation does not operate correctly, allowing user-mode software to bypass its intended restrictions and gain higher privileges. The CPE string cpe:2.3:a:n/a:intel(r)_ai_reference_models covers all versions prior to v3.4.1. The description's framing of an 'unprivileged software adversary with a privileged user' suggests the attack surface involves an interplay between unprivileged attacker-controlled code and a co-present privileged user session, consistent with the CVSS 4.0 metrics PR:H and UI:P.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Local-only access per AV:L; AC:H maps the CVSS 4.0 AT:P condition; PR:H and UI:R reflect required privileged user presence and passive interaction; no scope change as subsequent-system impact is none.
Primary rating from Vendor (intel).
CVSS VectorVendor: intel
DescriptionCVE.org
Protection mechanism failure for some Intel(R) AI Reference Models before version v3.4.1 within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. Unprivileged software adversary with a privileged user combined with a low complexity attack may enable escalation of privilege. This result may potentially occur via local access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires passive user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (high), integrity (high) and availability (high) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.
Threat Intelligence Overview
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SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.
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CVE.org
EPSS
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