Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Local non-admin session required (AV:L/PR:L); scope changes to adjacent hosts via traffic capture and packet injection (S:C/C:L/I:L); no availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (Nozomi).
CVSS VectorVendor: Nozomi
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
The Windows installer deployed Npcap leaving its access restriction option at the insecure default value, so the driver was accessible to every local user of the host instead of being restricted to administrators only. A local user without administrative privileges could use the Npcap driver to capture the traffic reaching the host, which discloses information belonging both to the host and to other systems on the same network segment, and to send arbitrary raw packets on that segment.
AnalysisAI
Nozomi Networks Arc for Windows installs the Npcap packet capture driver with its access restriction option left at the insecure default, making the driver accessible to all local users rather than administrators only. Any non-privileged local user on an affected host can leverage this misconfiguration to capture network traffic traversing the host's interfaces - exposing data from both the local system and peer hosts on the same network segment - and to inject arbitrary raw packets onto that segment. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires an active non-privileged (standard user) local Windows session on a host where Nozomi Arc was installed using the vulnerable installer. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N) scores 4.8 Medium, accurately capturing that exploitation demands an authenticated local session and yields limited rather than total confidentiality or integrity compromise. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | A standard Windows domain user with a local session on an Arc-hosting workstation installs a legitimate packet capture utility such as Wireshark, which leverages the already-deployed and unrestricted Npcap driver without requiring administrator rights or UAC elevation. The user passively captures unencrypted Modbus TCP or DNP3 traffic flowing through the host, extracting PLC register values, device addresses, or engineering credentials in plaintext. … |
| Remediation | The primary remediation is to deploy a corrected Nozomi Arc Windows installer that enables Npcap's administrator-only access restriction at installation time; consult the vendor advisory at https://security.nozominetworks.com/NN-2026:14-01 for the specific patched installer version, which was not independently confirmed from available data. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-55995
GHSA-gwvc-2mf6-9jv4