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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain physical access to target Windows device
  2. Delivery
    Attach malicious hardware peripheral or DMA device
  3. Exploit
    Trigger heap overflow in kernel-mode code path
  4. Execution
    Corrupt kernel memory structures (e.g., security token)
  5. Impact
    Escalate privileges to SYSTEM

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Heap buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the attacker to have physical proximity and direct hardware access to the target device - this vulnerability is not exploitable over a network or via software alone (AV:P per CVSS vector). No authentication is required (PR:N), meaning the attacker does not need an existing OS account; the attack operates at the hardware/kernel interface layer. No user interaction is required (UI:N). The specific hardware interface or mechanism that triggers the kernel overflow is not described in available data, but the physical vector strongly implies peripheral device interaction (USB, Thunderbolt/PCIe DMA) or similar. What limits exploitation: physical access is the hard prerequisite - remote or network-based exploitation is not possible. BitLocker with TPM binding, Secure Boot, Kernel DMA Protection (enabled by default on modern Windows 11 hardware), and physical port lockdown via BIOS policy all constrain the attack surface further. Exploitation is non-automatable per SSVC.

Impact

The CVSS base score of 6.8 is appropriately calibrated for the physical access requirement - the C:H/I:H/A:H impact metrics reflect full system compromise, but AV:P anchors the score lower because physical presence is a hard prerequisite. EPSS at 0.31% (23rd percentile) is consistent with a physically-constrained flaw: mass remote exploitation is impossible, so broad automated scanning activity is absent, suppressing the EPSS signal. SSVC independently confirms: exploitation status none, automatable no - reinforcing that this is not a remotely weaponizable or wormable vulnerability. However, SSVC's technical impact rating of total is significant: successful exploitation yields unrestricted kernel-level control. This creates a clear two-tier risk picture - low priority for hardened server environments with physical access controls, but elevated priority for organizations managing endpoints in unsecured physical locations (retail kiosks, field devices, shared workstations, laptops traveling internationally). No conflict between CVSS vector and description is observed; both consistently indicate physical access. No KEV listing and no POC exist at time of analysis.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with physical access to a vulnerable Windows endpoint - such as a laptop left unattended at a conference, a shared kiosk terminal, or a device in transit - connects a malicious hardware device (for example, a DMA-capable Thunderbolt accessory or a crafted USB peripheral) to trigger the heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Kernel. The kernel memory corruption allows the attacker to overwrite a security token or kernel object, elevating their effective privileges to SYSTEM. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, making opportunistic exploitation unlikely but targeted physical attacks by sophisticated actors remain plausible.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 22, 2026

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Kernel (CWE-122) enables an unauthenticated attacker with physical access to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server editions. The physical attack vector (AV:P) constrains the threat surface significantly, and SSVC rates exploitation as none with no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Despite total technical impact potential confirmed by both CVSS C:H/I:H/A:H metrics and SSVC technical impact rating, real-world risk is concentrated in physically accessible deployment scenarios such as kiosks, field laptops, or shared terminals.

RemediationAI

Apply the Microsoft-released cumulative update targeting the fixed build versions confirmed via ENISA EUVD-2026-44006: update Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10 1607 systems to build 10.0.14393.9339 or later; Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10 1809 to 10.0.17763.9020 or later; Windows 10 21H2 to 10.0.19044.7548 or later; Windows 10 22H2 to 10.0.19045.7548 or later; Windows 11 24H2 to 10.0.26100.8875 or later; Windows 11 25H2 to 10.0.26200.8875 or later; and Windows 11 26H1 to 10.0.28000.2269 or later. Full advisory and update packages are available at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-54132. For systems where immediate patching is not feasible, enforce physical security controls as the primary compensating measure: restrict unescorted physical access to affected machines, enable BitLocker with TPM binding to reduce DMA-based attack surface, and enforce Secure Boot to harden against boot-time hardware exploitation. Disabling unused physical ports (USB, Thunderbolt, PCIe) via BIOS/UEFI Group Policy can further reduce attack surface, though this impacts peripheral use and must be evaluated per device role.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.8875
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7548
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.8875
Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.2269
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7548
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9020
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9339

Affected Packages

microsoft windows_10_version_1607_10_0_14393_9339 fix: Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.9339, Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 10.0.14393.9339
microsoft windows_10_version_1809_10_0_17763_9020 fix: Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.9020, Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 10.0.17763.9020
microsoft windows_10_version_21h2_10_0_19044_7548 fix: Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19044.7548, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7548, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7548
microsoft windows_10_version_22h2_10_0_19045_7548 fix: Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19045.7548, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7548, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7548
microsoft windows_11_version_24h2_10_0_26100_8875 fix: Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26100.8875, Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26100.8875
microsoft windows_11_version_25h2_10_0_26200_8875 fix: Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8875, Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8875
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_2269 fix: Windows 11 version 26H1 for x64-based Systems 10.0.28000.2269
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_2525 fix: Windows 11 Version 26H1 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.28000.2525
microsoft windows_server_2016_10_0_14393_9339 fix: Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.9339, Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.9339
microsoft windows_server_2019_10_0_17763_9020 fix: Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.9020, Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7548
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7548
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.8875
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.8875
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.2269
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9339
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.9020
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.9020

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 21 packages in microsoft, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability resides in the Windows NT Kernel - the privileged core shared across all modern Microsoft Windows operating systems. CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow) identifies the root cause as improper bounds checking during heap memory allocation or copy operations within a kernel-mode code path. When triggered, an attacker can write data beyond the allocated heap buffer boundary, corrupting adjacent kernel memory structures such as object headers or security tokens. Because this occurs in kernel space, successful exploitation bypasses user-mode privilege boundaries entirely. CPE data confirms the flaw spans consumer and enterprise Windows lines: Windows 10 versions 1607 through 22H2, Windows 11 versions 24H2 through 26H1, and Windows Server 2016 and 2019 (including Server Core installations). The physical attack vector (AV:P) implies the trigger mechanism requires direct hardware interaction - likely a malicious USB, Thunderbolt, or PCIe-attached device capable of sending crafted input or performing direct memory access (DMA) to reach the vulnerable kernel code path.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 6.8 MEDIUM
AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CIRCL (temporal) 5.9 MEDIUM
vuln.today AI 6.8 MEDIUM

Physical access is the mandatory prerequisite per description and CVSS; no authentication or user interaction needed; full C/I/A reflects kernel-level SYSTEM privilege escalation with no scope change.

3.1 AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Physical
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Kernel allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges with a physical attack.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 77% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Windows OS spans the vast majority of global enterprise endpoints and servers.
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

34
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +34
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

A heap overflow occurs when a program writes data beyond the bounds of a buffer allocated in the heap memory region.

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