Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Triggering needs local btrfs activity plus a mid-commit write failure (AV:L, AC:H), low-priv filesystem access (PR:L); impact is forced read-only/availability only (C:N/I:N/A:H).
Primary rating from Vendor (Linux).
CVSS VectorVendor: Linux
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Lifecycle Timeline
5DescriptionCVE.org
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: only release the dirty pages io tree after successful writes
[WARNING] With extra warning on dirty extent buffers at umount (aka, the next patch in the series), test case generic/388 can trigger the following warning about dirty extent buffers at unmount time:
BTRFS critical (device dm-2 state E): emergency shutdown BTRFS error (device dm-2 state E): error while writing out transaction: -30 BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state E): Skipping commit of aborted transaction. BTRFS error (device dm-2 state EA): Transaction 9 aborted (error -30) BTRFS: error (device dm-2 state EA) in cleanup_transaction:2068: errno=-30 Readonly filesystem BTRFS info (device dm-2 state EA): forced readonly BTRFS info (device dm-2 state EA): last unmount of filesystem 4fbf2e15-f941-49a0-bc7c-716315d2777c ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: disk-io.c:3311 at invalidate_and_check_btree_folios+0xfd/0x1ca [btrfs], CPU#8: umount/914368 CPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 914368 Comm: umount Tainted: G OE 7.1.0-rc1-custom+ #372 PREEMPT(full) 2de38db8d1deae71fde295430a0ff3ab98ccf596 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS unknown 02/02/2022 RIP: 0010:invalidate_and_check_btree_folios+0xfd/0x1ca [btrfs] Call Trace: <TASK> close_ctree+0x52e/0x574 [btrfs d2f0b1cd330d1287e7a9919d112eadfc0e914efd] generic_shutdown_super+0x89/0x1a0 kill_anon_super+0x16/0x40 btrfs_kill_super+0x16/0x20 [btrfs d2f0b1cd330d1287e7a9919d112eadfc0e914efd] deactivate_locked_super+0x2d/0xb0 cleanup_mnt+0xdc/0x140 task_work_run+0x5a/0xa0 exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x123/0x4b0 do_syscall_64+0x243/0x7c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 </TASK> ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state EA): unable to release extent buffer 30539776 owner 9 gen 9 refs 2 flags 0x7 BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state EA): unable to release extent buffer 30621696 owner 257 gen 9 refs 2 flags 0x7 BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state EA): unable to release extent buffer 30638080 owner 258 gen 9 refs 2 flags 0x7 BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state EA): unable to release extent buffer 30654464 owner 7 gen 9 refs 2 flags 0x7 BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state EA): unable to release extent buffer 30703616 owner 2 gen 9 refs 2 flags 0x7 BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state EA): unable to release extent buffer 30720000 owner 10 gen 9 refs 2 flags 0x7 BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state EA): unable to release extent buffer 30736384 owner 4 gen 9 refs 2 flags 0x7 BTRFS warning (device dm-2 state EA): unable to release extent buffer 30752768 owner 11 gen 9 refs 2 flags 0x7
I'm using a stripped down version, which seems to trigger the warning more reliably:
_fsstress_pid="" workload() { dmesg -C mkfs.btrfs -f -K $dev > /dev/null echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/clear_warn_once mount $dev $mnt $fsstress -w -n 1024 -p 4 -d $mnt & _fsstress_pid=$! sleep 0 $godown $mnt pkill --echo -PIPE fsstress > /dev/null wait $_fsstress_pid unset _fsstress_pid umount $mnt
if dmesg | grep -q "WARNING"; then fail fi }
for (( i = 0; i < $runtime; i++ )); do echo "= $i/$runtime =" workload done
[CAUSE] Inside btrfs_write_and_wait_transaction(), we first try to write all dirty ebs, then wait for them to finish.
After that we call btrfs_extent_io_tree_release() to free all extent states from dirty_pages io tree.
However if we hit an error from btrfs_write_marked_extent(), then we still call btrfs_extent_io_tree_release() to clear that dirty_pages io tree, which may contain dirty records that we haven't yet submitted.
Furthermore, the later transaction cleanup path will utilize that dirty_pages io tree to properly cleanup those dirty ebs, but since it's already empty, no dirty ebs are properly cleaned up, thus will later trigger the warnings inside invalidate_btree_folios(). ---truncated---
AnalysisAI
Improper error handling in the btrfs filesystem's transaction commit path (btrfs_write_and_wait_transaction) lets a failed metadata writeout leave dirty extent buffers uncleaned, forcing the filesystem read-only and triggering kernel warnings at unmount. The flaw affects Linux kernels prior to 6.18.33, 7.0.10, and 7.1 and is an availability/data-integrity issue on btrfs volumes, with no confidentiality impact despite an 'Information Disclosure' tag in the source data. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Requires a btrfs filesystem mounted on the target and a write/metadata-writeout failure during a transaction commit - i.e. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | Signals are mixed and lean toward low real-world priority. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | On an unpatched kernel, a btrfs volume experiences a metadata writeout error during a transaction commit - for example a transient I/O failure, a removed/failing device, or (as in the reporter's test) a deliberately induced filesystem shutdown under concurrent write load. The botched cleanup leaves extent buffers dirty, forcing the filesystem read-only and emitting kernel warnings at unmount, disrupting availability of that filesystem. … |
| Remediation | Apply the vendor-released patch by upgrading to a fixed Linux kernel: 6.18.33 or later on the 6.18 series, 7.0.10 or later on the 7.0 series, or 7.1, or backport stable commits 9ebb7eba1237dc198768b9c76506a79f924c82bb / df03d67dc63722845cb9fe59d815d1225b04fd54 / 4066c55e109475a06d18a1f127c939d551211956 from git.kernel.org. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours: Identify and inventory systems using btrfs filesystems, particularly those running affected kernel versions. …
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Same weakness CWE-476 – NULL Pointer Dereference
View allSame technique Denial Of Service
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-39889
GHSA-r3r8-3hxx-x882