Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessGain foothold on adjacent network segment
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DeliveryCraft malformed TCP/IP packet
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ExploitSend to target Windows host
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ExecutionTrigger NULL pointer dereference in tcpip.sys
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PersistKernel bugcheck crashes system
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ImpactRepeat to sustain denial of service
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions
ASVS 5.0
V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Null pointer safety, defensive checks
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires network adjacency: per CVSS AV:A the attacker must be on the same logical/link-local network segment (same VLAN, subnet, or shared broadcast domain) as the target - routed internet exploitation is not indicated. No authentication (PR:N) and no user interaction (UI:N) are required, and the affected TCP/IP stack is present and enabled by default on all supported Windows editions, so no non-default feature or configuration must be turned on. The primary limiting factor is that adjacency constraint, which confines the threat to attackers who have already reached the local network; the impact is limited to denial of service (A:H only, C:N/I:N) with no code execution or data exposure. |
| Impact | Signals are consistent and point to moderate, not critical, real-world risk. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.4 (High) driven purely by availability (A:H) with a scope change (S:C) and adjacent attack vector (AV:A); there is no confidentiality or integrity impact (C:N/I:N). Low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N) make the packet easy to send, but AV:A meaningfully constrains reach to the same broadcast/link-local segment rather than the open internet. Corroborating signals align: EPSS is only 0.14% (34th percentile), CISA SSVC records Exploitation: none, Automatable: no, and Technical Impact: partial, and there is no KEV listing and no public POC. The one internal tension worth flagging is the S:C scope change paired with a DoS-only impact - Microsoft commonly scores kernel-stack crashes as scope-changed, which inflates the base score above what a pure single-host reboot might otherwise warrant. Net: prioritize in normal patch cycles, ahead of low-CVSS issues but below any network-reachable RCE. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who has gained a foothold on the same LAN segment or VLAN as a target server (for example a compromised workstation, rogue device, or hostile guest on shared Wi-Fi) sends a specially crafted packet stream to the victim's Windows TCP/IP stack. The malformed traffic drives the kernel down a path that dereferences a NULL pointer, triggering a bugcheck and rebooting the host, and the attacker can repeat this to sustain an outage. No credentials or user interaction are needed, but no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jul 23, 2026
Remote denial of service in the Windows TCP/IP stack lets an unauthorized adjacent-network attacker crash affected systems by triggering a NULL pointer dereference (CWE-476) via crafted network traffic. Reported by Microsoft and patched across the Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012-2025 families, the flaw requires no authentication or user interaction but is limited to attackers on the same logical network segment. EPSS is low (0.14%, 34th percentile) and CISA SSVC lists exploitation as none, so this is a real-but-not-urgent patch item with no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: apply the Microsoft security update for your specific Windows build via Windows Update or WSUS, upgrading tcpip.sys to at least the fixed build for your edition (for example 10.0.19045.7291 for Windows 10 22H2, 10.0.26100.8457 for Windows 11 24H2, 10.0.20348.5139 for Windows Server 2022, and 10.0.26100.32860 for Windows Server 2025), as listed in the MSRC advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-40413. Patching is the definitive fix; there is no software-side toggle to disable the vulnerable parser. As a compensating control until patching is complete, exploit the AV:A limitation: segment and restrict layer-2/adjacent access so only trusted hosts share a subnet with critical servers, enforce switch-level port security and ACLs, and place management interfaces on isolated VLANs - the trade-off is added network administration overhead and no protection against an already-compromised on-segment host. Host-based firewalls offer limited help here because the flaw is in core stack packet processing rather than a specific closable service port.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 36 packages in microsoft, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability resides in the Windows TCP/IP kernel networking stack (tcpip.sys), the core driver that parses and processes IPv4/IPv6 and transport-layer packets for every modern Windows client and server. CWE-476 (NULL Pointer Dereference) indicates that a specific malformed or unexpected packet sequence drives the driver down a code path where a pointer is used without being validated as non-null, causing an unhandled kernel fault (bugcheck/BSOD). Because the fault occurs in ring-0 kernel code, the result is a full system crash rather than a single-process failure. The CPE set (microsoft:windows_10 versions 1607/1809/21H2/22H2, windows_11 22H3/23H2/24H2/25H2/26H1, and windows_server_2012) plus the broader EUVD list confirm the defect is in shared networking code common to the entire supported Windows line, not a single edition.
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Severity by source
AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
Adjacent-only crafted packets with no auth or interaction (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) cause a kernel crash affecting the whole system (S:C, A:H) with no data impact (C:N/I:N).
Primary rating from NVD.
CVSS VectorNVD
DescriptionCVE.org
Null pointer dereference in Windows TCP/IP allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over an adjacent network.
Executive ViewAI
A remote denial-of-service vulnerability in Windows 10, 11, and Server 2012-2025 (CVE-2026-40413) allows adjacent-network attackers to crash systems without authentication. This threatens operational continuity for any affected systems within networked environments, particularly servers and infrastructure components.
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Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
A null pointer dereference occurs when a program attempts to access memory through a pointer that has been set to NULL (address 0x0).
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
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