Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
Gibbon versions before v30.0.01 are affected by a local file inclusion vulnerability resulting in RCE by changing the report archive directory and forcing interpretation of a user provided .zip as PHP. Successful exploitation requires Teacher or higher privileges. Exploitation could result in compromise of the underlying web server.
AnalysisAI
Local file inclusion in Gibbon school management system versions prior to v30.0.01 enables remote code execution when authenticated users with Teacher or higher privileges manipulate the report archive directory setting to force interpretation of a malicious ZIP file as PHP code. The vulnerability compromises the underlying web server. Project Black Security Services disclosed this flaw with a detailed proof-of-concept, and the vendor released patch v30.0.01 marking it as low severity since it requires administrative access. EPSS data not available, but the high CVSS 8.9 score reflects the critical post-compromise impact despite the high privilege requirement.
Technical ContextAI
Gibbon is an open-source PHP-based school management platform. This vulnerability stems from CWE-98 (Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program), a classic path traversal weakness in PHP applications that allow user input to influence file inclusion operations. The attack vector exploits Gibbon's report archive directory configuration feature combined with PHP's ability to execute code from within ZIP archives using stream wrappers (zip:// protocol). When an attacker with elevated privileges modifies the archive directory path to point to a user-controlled ZIP file containing malicious PHP code, the application includes and executes that code server-side. This type of vulnerability is particularly dangerous in multi-tenant educational environments where teachers or department heads may have administrative interfaces but should not have server-level access. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector with high attack complexity, requiring high privileges, but delivering complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact across both vulnerable and subsequent systems (scope change indicated by SC:H/SI:H/SA:H).
RemediationAI
Upgrade immediately to Gibbon v30.0.01 or later, available at https://github.com/GibbonEdu/core/releases/tag/v30.0.01. The vendor patch addresses the improper filename control in report archive directory configuration. Note that upgrading to v30.x requires PHP 8.0+ and MySQL 8.0+ as new minimum dependencies, so infrastructure readiness should be verified before patching. While the vendor classified this as non-required low severity update, the RCE potential justifies prioritization in security-conscious environments. If immediate patching is not feasible, implement compensating controls: restrict Teacher-level and administrative account creation to verified staff only, enable multi-factor authentication for all privileged Gibbon accounts, monitor file system activity in the web server's document root for unexpected ZIP or PHP file creation, audit existing report archive directory configurations for suspicious paths pointing outside intended directories, and implement web application firewall rules to detect zip:// stream wrapper usage in HTTP parameters. These controls reduce attack surface by limiting who can authenticate with required privileges and detecting exploitation attempts, though they do not eliminate the underlying code vulnerability. Review access logs for any Teacher+ accounts that recently modified system configuration settings, particularly report-related preferences, as potential indicators of reconnaissance or exploitation attempts.
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Same weakness CWE-98 – PHP Remote File Inclusion
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-28898
GHSA-px5v-8vpf-hw32