Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate with page-services-ntp-gps/PPS privilege
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ExploitSubmit CR/LF payload in fudge or refid field
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ExecutionApply or restart the ntpd service
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Impactntpd loads injected directives as root
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization CRLF sequence sanitization
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| Exploitation Conditions | Requires an authenticated OPNsense web UI/API account holding the page-services-ntp-gps or PPS privilege; the attacker submits CR/LF characters in the fudge or refid fields through services_ntpd_gps.php or services_ntpd_pps.php, and must be able to apply/restart the NTP (ntpd) service so the generated /var/etc/ntpd.conf is reloaded. Limiting factors: this is not unauthenticated (a delegated NTP-management privilege is mandatory), it applies only to deployments that use and expose NTP GPS/PPS configuration, and the injected directives take effect only after a service restart/apply. |
| Impact | This is a medium-severity, authenticated privilege-boundary bypass rather than a mass-exploitable remote flaw. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/PR:L/UI:N, 6.0) confirms the issue is reachable over the network but requires an authenticated account - specifically one holding the delegated page-services-ntp-gps or PPS privilege - so it is not usable by anonymous attackers. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_month' (not act_now/emergency), consistent with a real-but-non-urgent priority. No CISA KEV listing is present and no EPSS score was provided, so there is no signal of active or widespread exploitation; the signals available point to targeted/insider or post-compromise abuse rather than opportunistic mass attacks. A public PoC reference exists in the GHSA advisory, but it demonstrates the related Dnsmasq injection path, not the NTP fudge/refid fields named in this CVE, so a working exploit specific to this vector is not verified. Note a signal conflict worth verifying: the official CVSS 4.0 marks AC:H/AT:P, yet the description portrays a straightforward CR/LF submission with no stated special trigger condition - this analyst assesses the complexity as lower (see assessed vector). The core risk is that a limited NTP-settings operator can escalate to influencing a configuration file loaded by ntpd running as root. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A delegated OPNsense operator whose web UI/API account is restricted to NTP GPS/PPS settings submits a fudge or refid value containing newline (CR/LF) characters via services_ntpd_gps.php or services_ntpd_pps.php, terminating the intended line and appending arbitrary directives to the generated ntpd.conf. After the NTP service is applied/restarted, ntpd loads the injected directives while running as root, letting the limited user affect a root-managed service beyond the setting the GUI intended to expose. A public PoC reference exists in the GHSA advisory (demonstrated against the related Dnsmasq path); it is not verified as working exploit code for the NTP fields specifically. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 30, 2026
Authenticated OPNsense users holding the page-services-ntp-gps or PPS privilege can inject additional ntpd directives by submitting CR/LF characters in the fudge and refid fields of services_ntpd_gps.php or services_ntpd_pps.php, causing the generated /var/etc/ntpd.conf to be loaded by the root-run NTP daemon. OPNsense core through 26.7.8 is affected, and exploitation requires both the delegated NTP GPS/PPS privilege and an apply/restart of the NTP service, so this is a medium-severity privilege-boundary bypass rather than an unauthenticated mass-exploitable flaw. No CISA KEV entry or EPSS score was supplied, a public research write-up is referenced, working exploit code for this specific NTP vector is not confirmed in the provided data, and the vuln.today priority is this_month.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: 26.1.11 and 26.4.1p1 are listed in the package data for the related Dnsmasq MVC configuration path; for the NTP GPS/PPS fields the provided data lists core through 26.7.8 as affected and does not name a separate fixed 26.7.x build, so upgrade to the patched OPNsense release confirmed in GHSA-fq94-cxvc-9r7w and the OPNsense release notes. Because the flaw requires the page-services-ntp-gps or PPS privilege plus an NTP apply/restart, review and tightly limit those ACL grants to trusted administrators as an exposure-reduction measure until the correct patched build is confirmed; this does not remediate the injection for users who retain the privilege. Use the advisory URL https://github.com/opnsense/core/security/advisories/GHSA-fq94-cxvc-9r7w as the authoritative remediation reference.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
OPNsense is a FreeBSD-based firewall/router whose PHP Web UI and API write service settings into line-oriented configuration files through templates. In this case, the fudge and refid fields used by the NTP GPS/PPS pages are logically single-line values but are not sanitized for CR/LF before being rendered into /var/etc/ntpd.conf; CWE-93 (CRLF injection) is the root-cause class, with CWE-74 (improper neutralization of special elements in output) describing the broader configuration-injection pattern. An attacker with the page-services-ntp-gps or PPS ACL can terminate the intended directive and add arbitrary ntpd.conf lines, which ntpd then loads while running as root, giving a delegated configuration user influence beyond the intended GUI/API setting. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:opnsense:core:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* confirms the affected package is OPNsense core; the independent assessment uses CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L, while the CVE record uses CVSS 4.0 6.0 with AC:H/AT:P, and both agree the impact is integrity-focused with limited availability effect and no confidentiality effect. The GHSA includes a validated Dnsmasq DHCP-boot PoC for the same line-injection class, but that does not by itself confirm working exploit code for the NTP GPS/PPS fields.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
PR:L for the required delegated NTP GPS/PPS privilege; AC:L because the CR/LF injection is a straightforward submission with no described special trigger; I:H since directives are loaded by root ntpd, C:N, A:L.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
DescriptionCVE.org
OPNsense core through 26.7.8 contains a configuration injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users to append ntpd.conf directives by embedding newlines in the fudge and refid fields. Attackers holding the page-services-ntp-gps or PPS privilege can submit CR/LF characters via services_ntpd_gps.php or services_ntpd_pps.php to inject directives loaded by ntpd running as root.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.
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EUVD-2026-113825
GHSA-2h55-2m98-rp29
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB