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OPNsense EUVDEUVD-2026-113804

| CVE-2026-119424 MEDIUM
Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') (CWE-93)
2026-10-30 VulnCheck GHSA-r639-jmpp-wf8p
6.1
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulnCheck
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate with wireless-edit privilege
  2. Delivery
    Embed CR/LF in WPA identity/passphrase/RADIUS field
  3. Exploit
    Inject wpa_supplicant/hostapd directives
  4. Execution
    Root daemon loads crafted config
  5. Impact
    Injected directives execute in root context

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization CRLF sequence sanitization
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires (1) an authenticated account with the OPNsense wireless-edit privilege (PR:L - not an anonymous attacker), and (2) a wireless interface configured for WPA where the operator-controlled fields wpa.identity, wpa.passphrase, or RADIUS auth_server_shared_secret/auth_server_shared_secret2 are written into configuration consumed by the root-run wpa_supplicant or hostapd daemons. The attacker injects CR/LF (newline) characters into those fields to append arbitrary daemon directives. Limiting factors: it is post-authentication and role-gated, depends on a wireless/WPA deployment actually being present and the config being (re)loaded by the daemon, and the CVSS AC:H/AT:P indicate the trigger is not trivially reliable. Confidentiality is unaffected; impact is to integrity and availability of the root-run wireless daemons.

Impact

This is a genuine but conditional privilege-escalation issue rather than a mass-exploitation emergency. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N, VC:N/VI:H/VA:H) and score of 6.1 (medium) tell a consistent story: network-reachable via the web UI, but gated behind an existing authenticated account holding the wireless-edit privilege (PR:L), with a non-trivial trigger (AC:H) and a required attack condition (AT:P). The impact is high to integrity and availability but none to confidentiality, matching a config-injection flaw whose injected directives run under root daemons. It is NOT in CISA KEV, so there is no confirmed active exploitation. No EPSS score was supplied in the input, so widespread-exploitation probability cannot be quantified here. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_month', not act_now/emergency, which aligns with the low-privilege-required, authenticated nature of the flaw. The main gap between raw severity and real risk is the PR:L precondition plus the need for a wireless interface using WPA - this is an insider / post-authentication escalation primitive (low-priv operator to root-context directive injection), not a remote unauthenticated takeover. A VulnCheck advisory and an independent research writeup exist and the trigger is well understood from the vendor fix, so this should be patched on a normal prioritized schedule.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An authenticated OPNsense user who holds the wireless-edit privilege edits a wireless interface and embeds a CR/LF sequence inside wpa.identity, wpa.passphrase, or a RADIUS shared-secret field, appending attacker-chosen wpa_supplicant or hostapd configuration directives. When the root-run supplicant/hostapd daemon reloads the generated configuration, the injected directives are parsed and act with root context. An independent research writeup (abraxaslabs) describes the technique; no confirmed working exploit code is identified in the provided input, and the AC:H/AT:P metrics indicate the attack is not a simple one-shot.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 30, 2026

Configuration line injection in OPNsense core before 26.7.8 lets an authenticated account holding the wireless-edit privilege embed CR/LF characters in WPA fields - wpa.identity, wpa.passphrase, and the RADIUS auth_server_shared_secret/auth_server_shared_secret2 values - so that arbitrary wpa_supplicant or hostapd directives are appended when the generated configuration is loaded by the root-run wireless daemons. The assessed vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H) reflects a post-authentication, role-gated issue whose trigger additionally depends on a wireless interface actually being configured for WPA and the configuration being consumed by the daemon; confidentiality is unaffected while integrity and availability of the wireless service are. This is a genuine but conditional privilege-escalation issue rather than a mass-exploitation emergency: no CISA KEV listing and no confirmed working exploit code were reported at time of analysis, although a public research writeup and the upstream fix commits describe the injection technique, and the vendor has released a patch in 26.7.8.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: upgrade OPNsense core to 26.7.8 or later, which rejects newline characters in wpa.identity, wpa.passphrase, auth_server_shared_secret and auth_server_shared_secret2 (AllowNewlines=N) and switches cloneif to StrictTextField; the corresponding fixes are commits 9f1eac0f9bdf705766ab61f9d62b9d55757fd0da and 3bbd714b4c4b60f164e2e908501f208d3eadf645, referenced alongside the vendor advisory https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/opnsense-before-26.7.8-wireless-wpa-configuration-line-injection-via-identity. Prioritize this within the monthly patch cycle as indicated by the vuln.today decision label (this_month) rather than as an emergency change. Where the upgrade cannot be applied immediately, the practical containment is to reduce exposure of the prerequisite: restrict the wireless-edit privilege to a small set of trusted administrators and review existing WPA identity, passphrase and RADIUS shared-secret values for embedded CR/LF characters, since the flaw is only reachable by an authenticated account that can write those fields - this trades administrative convenience for a smaller attack surface and does not otherwise change the generated daemon configuration. Note that confidentiality is unaffected per the assessed vector, and that no public exploit code was confirmed at time of analysis, so patch scheduling can follow normal change control.

Affected VersionsENISA

core 0 <26.7.8

Affected Packages

euvd core fix: 26.7.8

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

OPNsense generates wpa_supplicant and hostapd configuration files from values stored in its MVC model (src/opnsense/mvc/app/models/OPNsense/Interfaces/Wlan.xml) and rendered through the wireless configuration code in src/etc/inc/interfaces.inc. Because those files are line-oriented, a newline inside a value terminates the current directive and starts a new one - the classic CWE-93 (improper neutralization of CRLF sequences) failure mode, here surfacing as configuration line injection rather than HTTP header splitting. The affected fields are modeled as permissive TextField elements with no newline restriction, so CR/LF supplied through the wireless-edit UI/API survives validation and lands verbatim in files parsed and executed by daemons running as root. The upstream fix at commit 9f1eac0f9bdf705766ab61f9d62b9d55757fd0da adds an explicit AllowNewlines=N constraint to identity, passphrase, auth_server_shared_secret and auth_server_shared_secret2, and tightens cloneif from TextField to StrictTextField; a second commit (3bbd714b4c4b60f164e2e908501f208d3eadf645) is also cited as a patch reference. The trigger path beyond this field-level injection - what the attacker must then do to get the daemon to load the tampered configuration, and how reliable that reload is - is only partly described in the available sources; the CVSS:4.0 AC:H/AT:P values indicate attack requirements and non-trivial timing/reliability, and the independent assessment likewise rates this AC:H with PR:L, confirming reuse of an already-authenticated session rather than anonymous access.

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulnCheck) PRIMARY 6.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 6.8 MEDIUM

Reached over the network web UI (AV:N) by a low-privilege wireless-edit operator (PR:L); trigger depends on a WPA-configured interface and daemon reload (AC:H); directive injection into root daemons yields high integrity/availability impact but no data disclosure (C:N).

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

OPNsense core before 26.7.8 contains a configuration line injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with wireless-edit privilege to inject directives by embedding CR/LF characters in WPA fields. Attackers can place newlines in wpa.identity, wpa.passphrase, or RADIUS shared secrets to append arbitrary wpa_supplicant or hostapd directives loaded by root-run daemons.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 63% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
popular open-source firewall/router OS, moderate SMB and edge footprint
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

30
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +30
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Code Injection CRITICAL

Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.

CVE-2023-39004 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Aug 09

Insecure permissions in the configuration directory (/conf/) of OPNsense Community Edition before 23.7 and Business Edit

CVE-2023-27152 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Oct 23

DECISO OPNsense 23.1 does not impose rate limits for authentication, allowing attackers to perform a brute-force attack

CVE-2023-39008 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Aug 09

A command injection vulnerability in the component /api/cron/settings/setJob/ of OPNsense Community Edition before 23.7

CVE-2023-39001 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Aug 09

A command injection vulnerability in the component diag_backup.php of OPNsense Community Edition before 23.7 and Busines

CVE-2023-39007 CRITICAL POC
9.6 Aug 09

/ui/cron/item/open in the Cron component of OPNsense Community Edition before 23.7 and Business Edition before 23.4.2 al

CVE-2023-39003 HIGH POC
7.5 Aug 09

OPNsense Community Edition before 23.7 and Business Edition before 23.4.2 was discovered to contain insecure permissions

CVE-2023-39005 HIGH POC
7.5 Aug 09

Insecure permissions exist for configd.socket in OPNsense Community Edition before 23.7 and Business Edition before 23.4

CVE-2023-38997 HIGH POC
7.2 Aug 09

A directory traversal vulnerability in the Captive Portal templates of OPNsense Community Edition before 23.7 and Busine

CVE-2023-38999 MEDIUM POC
6.5 Aug 09

A Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in the System Halt API (/system/halt) of OPNsense Community Edition before 23.7 and

CVE-2019-25373 MEDIUM POC
6.4 Feb 15

OPNsense 19.1 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to inject malicio

CVE-2019-25369 MEDIUM POC
6.4 Feb 15

OPNsense 19.1 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the system_advanced_sysctl.php endpoint that allow

CVE-2019-25372 MEDIUM POC
6.1 Feb 15

OPNsense 19.1 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject ma

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