Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessGain network capture position on control LAN
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DeliverySniff legitimate authentication exchange
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ExploitReplay captured exchange against static nonce
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ExecutionPass authentication as valid user
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ImpactGain unauthorized device access
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Replay attack prevention
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| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the attacker to first capture a valid authentication exchange between a legitimate user and the Eaton easyE4 device - i.e. a network position allowing traffic interception - and then replay it; the replay succeeds specifically because the device reuses a static nonce during authentication rather than a fresh challenge. Limiting factors, consistent with CVSS AC:H and UI:R: a legitimate authentication must actually occur and be observed before any attack is possible, and the attacker needs sniffing access to the control-network traffic path. These conditions make the flaw most realistic on flat or unsegmented OT networks; proper network segmentation and monitoring substantially raise the bar. The vendor fix is available in easyE4 2.46. |
| Impact | Severity signals are moderate-to-high but real-world risk is bounded by access preconditions. The provided CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, base 7.5) reflects an unauthenticated flaw with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, but the AC:H and UI:R metrics capture the key limiter: the attacker must first obtain a captured valid authentication exchange before the static-nonce weakness (CWE-294, authentication-bypass by capture-replay) lets them replay it. No EPSS score, CISA KEV listing, or POC reference is present in the input, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active exploitation; exploitation probability signals are absent rather than low. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_week', consistent with a patched, vendor-reported OT flaw warranting prompt but not emergency remediation. This is a genuine but conditional priority: credible full-device compromise if auth traffic can be captured on the control network, offset by the need for network capture position and a legitimate authentication to observe. Note the input Tags include a 'Microsoft' tag that does not match this Eaton product and appears mislabeled. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker positioned to sniff traffic on the OT/control network captures a legitimate operator's authentication exchange with an Eaton easyE4 device. Because the device uses a static nonce, the attacker replays the captured exchange to authenticate as that operator and gain unauthorized access to the controller. No public exploit code is identified in the available sources; the attack relies on standard traffic capture and replay rather than a published tool. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 28, 2026
Eaton easyE4 controllers before version 2.46 reuse a static nonce during authentication, allowing an attacker who can capture a legitimate authentication exchange to replay it and gain unauthorized access to the device. The CVSS 3.1 score is 7.5 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R), reflecting that exploitation depends on a real login occurring and being observed on the control-network path; no public exploit code or CISA KEV entry was identified at time of analysis. Eaton has released a fix in easyE4 2.46.
RemediationAI
Upgrade Eaton easyE4 to version 2.46 or later; Eaton states a patch is available from the vendor, and 2.46 is the fixed version identified in the advisory. Review the vendor security bulletin at https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/company/news-insights/cybersecurity/security-bulletins/eaton-va-2026-1017.pdf for the official update guidance. Until the update is applied, reduce exposure by segmenting easyE4 control networks from untrusted networks and monitoring for interception or replay of authentication traffic, since the attack requires capturing a legitimate authentication exchange; these measures raise the bar but do not correct the static-nonce weakness.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw is classified as CWE-294, Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay. Eaton easyE4 authentication uses a nonce, but because that nonce is static rather than freshly generated for each exchange, a previously observed authentication exchange remains valid and can be replayed to the device. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:eaton:easye4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* identifies the affected product family, and EUVD lists easyE4 versions from 0 up to but not including 2.46 as affected. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R) describes a network-reachable, unauthenticated attack that still depends on a legitimate user authentication occurring and being observed, and on the attacker having a position that permits interception of control-network traffic; the available sources do not describe any trigger beyond static-nonce replay.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
AC:H and UI:R because the attacker depends on capturing a legitimate authentication exchange to replay; PR:N since no credentials are needed, and C/I/A:H reflect full device access on success.
Primary rating from Vendor (Eaton).
CVSS VectorVendor: Eaton
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Eaton easyE4 uses a static nonce during authentication, which could allow an unauthenticated attacker with access to captured authentication traffic to replay a valid authentication exchange and gain unauthorized access to the device.
Executive ViewAI
Eaton easyE4 controllers, widely used in industrial control environments, have a high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2026-41020) that allows an attacker who captures a legitimate authentication exchange to replay it and gain unauthorized access. This could enable an adversary to manipulate physical processes, disrupt operations, or cause safety incidents. Leadership should prioritize patching because the flaw affects critical infrastructure and exploitation, while requiring network observation and user interaction, could lead to severe operational and safety consequences.
If patch cannot be applied immediately: segment affected controllers on isolated network segments, restrict access to trusted hosts, enable logging and monitoring for replay attempts, and disable remote access where feasible. Apply vendor patch when possible.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
EUVD-2026-110808
GHSA-4r7w-hmfv-2648
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB