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Routinator EUVDEUVD-2026-110031

| CVE-2026-72758 HIGH
Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions (CWE-755)
2026-10-26 NLnet Labs GHSA-h2jm-59v6-cf3h
7.5
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: NLnet Labs
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Publish RPKI object with inverted AS range
  2. Exploit
    Routinator fetches and parses the range during validation
  3. Execution
    Loop never reaches maximum, memory exhausted
  4. Impact
    RPKI validator process crashes (availability loss)

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions
ASVS 5.0
V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Exception handling procedures
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that Routinator parse an AS range in RPKI data where the range's maximum value is smaller than its minimum value. The practical prerequisite is that an attacker be able to place such a malformed AS range into RPKI data that a target Routinator instance fetches and validates - i.e., the ability to publish RPKI objects in a repository the validator processes, consistent with the RPKI publication trust model. Limiting factors: the attacker does not control which validators fetch the data, and the impact is confined to availability (process crash / memory exhaustion of the validator) with no confidentiality or integrity effect; no user interaction is required. The specific internal trigger (unbounded loop versus unbounded allocation) is not detailed beyond the memory-exhaustion behavior in the available sources.

Impact

This is a genuine availability-only denial-of-service issue, not an over-scored critical. The supplied CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, base 7.5) scores impact exclusively on availability (C:N/I:N), consistent with the description of memory exhaustion while parsing an inverted AS range (max < min), classified CWE-755 (improper handling of an exceptional condition). The vuln.today decision label is this_week, indicating prompt but non-emergency remediation. No EPSS probability, no CISA KEV listing, and no proof-of-concept are present in the input, so there is no signal of active or widespread exploitation - the priority rests on ease of triggering plus the operational role of the affected software rather than observed attacks. One important caveat: PR:N assumes the malformed AS range reaches Routinator without privileges, but in the RPKI trust model the attacker must be able to publish signed RPKI data that the validator fetches, which is a meaningful practical prerequisite not captured by the raw vector - verify the real trigger path with the NLnet Labs advisory.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who can publish RPKI data (e.g., a repository or CA under some resource allocation) crafts an object containing an AS range whose maximum value is smaller than its minimum. When a Routinator instance fetches and parses this range during RPKI validation, it never reaches the maximum bound and exhausts available memory, crashing the validator. No public exploit code is identified in the available data, and the CVSS AC:L/AV:N vector suggests a low-complexity remote trigger once the malformed data is reachable.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 26, 2026

Routinator, NLnet Labs' RPKI relying-party validator, can be driven into memory exhaustion by an AS range in RPKI data whose maximum value is lower than its minimum, leaving the validator unable to continue. The issue is remotely reachable without authentication per the CVSS vector and affects availability only; exploitation requires an attacker to place the malformed range into RPKI objects that a target Routinator instance fetches and validates. No CISA KEV entry or public exploit code is identified in the supplied data.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch version is identified in the supplied data, so a specific fixed Routinator release cannot be stated here; consult NLnet Labs' advisory at https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/routinator/CVE-2026-72756.txt for the corrected release and upgrade instructions. Because exploitation requires a malformed AS range to enter RPKI data that the validator fetches and validates, a compensating measure is to constrain the validator to RPKI repositories and trust anchors whose publications are trusted and monitored, accepting that this reduces exposure but does not fix the parser defect and is not confirmed in the supplied advisory as a complete workaround. Operators should also monitor Routinator memory use so that a validator exhausting memory can be restarted, with the trade-off that restarting causes a temporary validation outage.

Affected VersionsENISA

Routinator patch: 0.15.3

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Routinator validates RPKI data and is used to build validated payloads such as route origin authorizations; the affected parsing path handles AS number ranges carried in RPKI objects. The flaw is classified as CWE-755, Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions, indicating that an inverted range is not rejected and the parser instead fails to reach the range maximum and exhausts memory. The supplied sources do not specify whether the memory growth comes from an unbounded loop or unbounded allocation, so the precise internal trigger beyond the described memory-exhaustion behavior is not confirmed. The CPE string uses a wildcard version component, so the supplied data treats Routinator versions broadly rather than naming a bounded affected range.

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Severity by source

Vendor (NLnet Labs) PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
vuln.today AI 7.5 HIGH

Malformed RPKI data is processed remotely at low complexity causing memory exhaustion; impact is availability-only (C:N/I:N/A:H), with PR:N reflecting the open RPKI publication model.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (NLnet Labs).

CVSS VectorVendor: NLnet Labs

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

When parsing an AS range in Routinator, if the maximum value of the range is smaller than the minimum value of the range, Routinator will never reach the maximum value and run out of memory.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A high-severity availability vulnerability in NLnet Labs' Routinator RPKI validator could allow an attacker to disable the validator by injecting malformed RPKI data, causing memory exhaustion. Organizations relying on Routinator for route origin validation may face disruption of BGP security validation, impacting network routing integrity. Leadership should prioritize immediate risk assessment and mitigation to prevent potential operational outages.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations include restricting RPKI data sources to trusted repositories, implementing memory limits and auto-restart policies, and monitoring for anomalies.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 66% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
popular RPKI Relying Party validator, deployed mainly by network operators
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

38
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +38
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

CVE-2020-17366 HIGH POC
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Routinator, NLnet Labs' RPKI relying-party validator, can be hung or terminated by a CRL fetched from the repository hie

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Due to a mistake in error checking, Routinator will terminate when an incoming RTR connection is reset by the peer too q

CVE-2023-39915 HIGH
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NLnet Labs' Routinator up to and including version 0.12.1 may crash when trying to parse certain malformed RPKI objects.

CVE-2022-3029 HIGH
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In NLnet Labs Routinator 0.9.0 up to and including 0.11.2, due to a mistake in error handling, data in RRDP snapshot and

CVE-2021-43174 HIGH
7.5 Nov 09

NLnet Labs Routinator versions 0.9.0 up to and including 0.10.1, support the gzip transfer encoding when querying RRDP r

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