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Apache bRPC EUVDEUVD-2026-107171

| CVE-2026-54427 HIGH
Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674)
2026-10-21 apache GHSA-73m6-hpcv-jggj
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Connect as untrusted RTMP peer
  2. Delivery
    Send deeply nested AMF object/array
  3. Exploit
    Trigger unbounded recursion in parser
  4. Execution
    Exhaust native stack
  5. Impact
    Crash bRPC process (DoS)

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Recursion depth limits
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that the target application uses bRPC's RTMP support and parses AMF data from an untrusted RTMP peer - specifically an RTMP server parsing client command messages, an RTMP client parsing server responses/status messages, either side parsing inbound AMF script data (metadata/cue points), or any direct caller of ReadAMFObject/ReadAMFArray on untrusted input. No authentication is needed and the attacker only needs an RTMP connection, but the limiting factor is this RTMP/AMF code path being enabled and exposed to untrusted peers; deployments not using bRPC RTMP, or only exchanging AMF with trusted peers, are not exploitable. After upgrading, AMF nested deeper than amf_max_depth (default 128) is rejected, so misconfiguring a very high depth limit would re-enable risk.

Impact

This is a denial-of-service vulnerability (CWE-674, uncontrolled recursion) in the AMF parser of Apache bRPC < 1.18.0, where deeply nested AMF objects/arrays exhaust the native stack and crash the process. No CVSS score or vector was provided in the input, no EPSS probability is available, there is no CISA KEV listing, no public exploit code is referenced, and no SSVC decision data is supplied - so every exploitation-likelihood signal is MISSING and risk must be inferred from the description alone. Based on the description the attack is network-reachable from an untrusted RTMP peer with no authentication and low complexity (just send malformed AMF), which maps to a high-availability-impact-only issue; crafting deeply nested AMF is trivial, so if an exposed bRPC RTMP endpoint parses untrusted AMF, real-world DoS risk is meaningful. However, impact is strictly availability (process crash) with no confidentiality or integrity effect, and exploitation is gated on the target actually using bRPC's RTMP/AMF support against untrusted peers - a specific, non-universal deployment condition. Net: this is a credible but bounded DoS that warrants prompt patching for anyone exposing bRPC RTMP to untrusted networks, not a critical RCE-class emergency; absent EPSS/KEV/POC data, treat active-exploitation likelihood as unknown rather than elevated.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who can reach a bRPC-based RTMP server (or who controls an RTMP server a bRPC client connects to) sends a command, response, or script-data message containing AMF objects/arrays nested hundreds of levels deep. The recursive ReadAMFObject/ReadAMFArray parsing overflows the native stack, crashing the bRPC process and denying service to legitimate clients. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, but the technique is trivial to script given the public patch describing the depth limit.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 21, 2026

Denial of service in Apache bRPC before 1.18.0 allows an unauthenticated remote RTMP peer to crash the bRPC process by sending deeply nested AMF objects or arrays, exhausting the native stack. Exploitation is limited to deployments that use bRPC's RTMP support and parse AMF data from untrusted peers, such as RTMP servers handling client command messages or RTMP clients handling server responses, metadata, or cue points. No CISA KEV confirmation or public exploit code was identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: Apache bRPC 1.18.0. Upgrade to 1.18.0 and apply the upstream fix from https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3344, which introduces a configurable AMF nesting depth limit with a default of 128; AMF objects or arrays deeper than amf_max_depth are rejected. If immediate upgrade is not possible, disable bRPC RTMP support or block untrusted RTMP peers from reaching AMF parsing paths using network ACLs or by restricting RTMP endpoints to trusted clients, accepting the trade-off of lost RTMP functionality or reduced interoperability. Avoid configuring an excessively high amf_max_depth after upgrading, because that would re-enable the uncontrolled recursion risk. Vendor advisory: https://lists.apache.org/thread/2pf15ojj0vr7rtx95677kgtl1mx3gdgb.

Affected VersionsENISA

Apache bRPC 0 <1.18.0

Affected Packages

euvd apache_brpc fix: 1.18.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Apache bRPC's RTMP support includes an AMF parser used to decode Action Message Format objects and arrays exchanged by RTMP peers. The affected code paths, notably ReadAMFObject and ReadAMFArray, recursively processed nested AMF containers without enforcing a depth limit, so a deeply nested payload could consume the native stack and terminate the process. This is CWE-674 (uncontrolled recursion). The CPE cpe:2.3:a:apache_software_foundation:apache_brpc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* represents affected Apache bRPC versions before 1.18.0; the assessed CVSS vector is CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, reflecting a remote, unauthenticated availability impact with no confidentiality or integrity impact.

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Severity by source

Vendor (apache) PRIMARY HIGH
vuln.today AI 7.5 HIGH

Remote untrusted RTMP peer needs no auth or user interaction and crafting nested AMF is trivial (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); impact is process crash only, so A:H with C:N/I:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (apache).

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Oct 21, 2026 - 13:02 EUVD
CVE Published
Oct 21, 2026 - 11:36 cve.org
HIGH

DescriptionCVE.org

Uncontrolled recursion in the AMF parser in Apache bRPC < 1.18.0 allows a remote RTMP peer to crash a bRPC process by sending deeply nested AMF objects or arrays. The parser recursively processed nested AMF containers without enforcing a depth limit, which could exhaust the native stack.

Affected Scenarios: Applications using bRPC RTMP support and parsing AMF data from an untrusted RTMP peer. This includes RTMP servers parsing client command messages, RTMP clients parsing server responses or status messages, and either side parsing inbound AMF script data such as metadata or cue points. Direct callers of ReadAMFObject or ReadAMFArray on untrusted input are also affected.

How to Fix:

  1. Upgrade Apache bRPC to 1.18.0.
  2. Apply the patch from PR https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3344 .

Note: The fix introduces a configurable AMF nesting depth limit with default value 128. AMF objects or arrays deeper than amf_max_depth are rejected after applying the fix.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Apache bRPC deployments that use RTMP support to parse AMF data from remote peers face a remotely triggerable process crash that can disrupt service availability. Exposure is limited to RTMP/AMF-facing bRPC services, but leadership should care because availability failures in an integration or media path can cascade into customer-facing outages and incident-response load; no public exploit or CISA KEV confirmation was identified at time of analysis.

Business Impact: Medium
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Disable bRPC RTMP support where not required; restrict RTMP listeners to trusted networks; front RTMP endpoints with an AMF-aware proxy or filter that rejects deeply nested objects/arrays; enforce process stack/resource limits and crash monitoring; segment affected services.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 95% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
Niche open-source RPC framework; RTMP/AMF support is an uncommon deployment mode
Data Quality
1 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

Attack Technique

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