Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessReach C2PA validation endpoint over network
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ExploitDeliver crafted certificate/content credential
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ExecutionBypass improper certificate validation
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ImpactGain unauthorized write to provenance data
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Certificate validation
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires that the target run an affected C2PA implementation (Content Credentials Rust SDK ≤ c2pa-v0.90.15, JS SDK ≤ @contentauth/c2pa-web@0.13.4, or C2PA Tool ≤ c2patool-v0.27.15) and invoke its certificate/credential validation path on attacker-supplied content. The decisive limiting factor, stated explicitly in the description, is that success 'depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control' (reflected as AC:H) - e.g., specific certificate-chain, trust-store, or validation-state circumstances the attacker cannot deterministically arrange - so the bypass is not reliably reproducible on demand. Offsetting factors that LOWER the barrier: no authentication (PR:N) and no user interaction (UI:N) are needed. Impact is confined to integrity (forged/accepted Content Credentials and unauthorized write of provenance data); there is no direct confidentiality or availability impact. |
| Impact | Signals point to a moderate, non-urgent issue rather than a top priority. CVSS 3.1 base is 5.9 (Medium) driven entirely by an integrity impact (C:N/I:H/A:N) via a certificate-validation flaw (CWE-295) that enables a security feature bypass and unauthorized write. The vector is network-reachable with no privileges or user interaction (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N), which raises exposure, but high attack complexity (AC:H) sharply constrains reliable exploitation - consistent with the description's statement that the exploit 'depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control.' No EPSS score, no CISA KEV entry, and no public exploit were provided, so there is no evidence of active exploitation or available weaponization: no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The dominant signals (AC:H + no exploitation evidence + integrity-only impact) outweigh the network-vector/no-auth signals, so this reads as a real-but-conditional integrity-bypass flaw, not a high-real-risk emergency. Note a mild internal tension: the input Tag labels this 'Authentication Bypass,' while the description and CWE-295 characterize it as improper certificate validation leading to a security feature bypass (content-credential trust bypass) - these are related but not identical, and the certificate-validation framing should be treated as authoritative. EPSS, KEV, and POC data were absent from the input; their absence is not itself evidence of low risk, only of unconfirmed exploitation. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker crafts content (or a signing certificate/credential) that the C2PA SDK improperly validates, causing the library to accept forged or tampered Content Credentials as trusted and permitting unauthorized write of provenance metadata. Because exploitation depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control (AC:H) and no public exploit is known, success is opportunistic and non-deterministic rather than reliably repeatable. No user interaction is required for the vulnerable validation path to be triggered. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026
Improper certificate validation in Adobe's CAI Content Credentials (C2PA) tooling lets an attacker slip forged or untrusted provenance data past the certificate/credential validation path, producing a security-feature bypass with integrity impact (CVSS 5.9, CWE-295). Affected implementations are the Content Credentials Rust SDK at or below c2pa-v0.90.15, the JS SDK at or below @contentauth/c2pa-web@0.13.4, and C2PA Tool at or below c2patool-v0.27.15 - any deployment that invokes the affected validation code on attacker-supplied content. Exploitation is unauthenticated (PR:N) and requires no user interaction (UI:N), but is rated AC:H because success depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control, meaning the bypass is not reliably reproducible on demand; no public exploit code has been identified and the issue is not confirmed as actively exploited (CISA KEV).
RemediationAI
Upgrade the affected C2PA components to the fixed releases specified in Adobe advisory APSB26-163 (https://www.adobe.com/trust/security/products/content-credentials-sdk/apsb26-163.html) - the input data lists the vulnerable ceilings as c2pa-v0.90.15 (Rust SDK), @contentauth/c2pa-web@0.13.4 (JS SDK), and c2patool-v0.27.15 (C2PA Tool) but does not enumerate exact patched version numbers, so confirm the corrected versions on the vendor advisory before pinning. Because a CVE-specific vendor patch reference is not independently confirmed here, treat this as patch-available-per-vendor-advisory and verify the fix against your dependency lockfiles and SBOM for all three SDKs. If immediate upgrade is not possible, apply compensating controls: do not make security or trust decisions solely on Content Credentials validated by the affected versions, disable or sandbox the validation path for untrusted external media, quarantine and re-validate inbound assets with an independent, updated C2PA verifier, and filter/reject externally supplied manifests until tooling is patched - accepting the trade-off that strict rejection will break legitimate provenance display for signed content. Given AC:H and no public exploit identified, prioritize by exposure: patch internet-facing ingest/verification services first, and monitor the Adobe advisory for updated guidance.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation) sits at the heart of the C2PA/Content Credentials trust model: manifests embedded in media carry signed claims, and relying parties are supposed to validate the signer certificate chain, trust list membership, and signature binding before accepting provenance assertions. The affected components - the Rust SDK (c2pa), the web/JS SDK (@contentauth/c2pa-web), and the C2PA Tool (c2patool) - share this validation logic, and a flaw there means content whose certificate/credential chain should be rejected can instead be treated as valid, allowing unauthorized writes of provenance data and acceptance of forged Content Credentials. The vulnerability is network-reachable with no privileges or user action required (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N), and the High attack complexity reflects the reported dependence on conditions outside the attacker's control - for example a particular chain, trust-store state, or validation circumstance the attacker cannot deterministically arrange - which constrains but does not eliminate the risk. Impact is confined to integrity (C:N/I:H/A:N); there is no direct confidentiality or availability effect.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Network-reachable validation with no auth or interaction (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N), but AC:H because exploitation depends on conditions beyond attacker control; impact is integrity-only (I:H, C:N/A:N).
Primary rating from Vendor (adobe).
CVSS VectorVendor: adobe
DescriptionCVE.org
CAI Content Credentials is affected by an Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized write access. Exploit depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
Server-side request forgery in Adobe Content Credentials (CAI Content Credentials SDK) allows unauthenticated remote att
Server-Side Request Forgery in Adobe's C2PA (Content Credentials) SDK family - the Rust SDK (c2pa), the Node.js web SDK
Denial of service in Adobe's CAI (Content Authenticity Initiative) Content Credentials SDK stems from uncontrolled resou
Uncontrolled resource consumption in the Adobe CAI Content Credentials SDK lets unauthenticated, remote attackers exhaus
Improper input validation in the Adobe CAI Content Credentials SDK allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to bypass a
Improper input validation in the CAI Content Credentials SDK (Adobe security bulletin APSB26-163) lets unauthenticated r
Unauthenticated remote attackers can bypass a security feature in Adobe's CAI Content Credentials SDK and gain unauthori
Improper input validation in the CAI Content Credentials SDK allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to feed crafted i
Integer overflow (CWE-190) in the CAI Content Credentials SDK lets unauthenticated remote attackers crash applications t
Denial-of-service in the CAI Content Credentials SDK allows remote unauthenticated attackers to exhaust system resources
Denial of service in the CAI Content Credentials SDK allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to exhaust system resource
Application denial-of-service in the Adobe CAI Content Credentials SDK lets unauthenticated remote attackers exhaust sys
EUVD-2026-100741
GHSA-qpwh-r3gf-8xm4
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB