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Content Credentials EUVDEUVD-2026-100741

| CVE-2026-103294 MEDIUM
Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295)
2026-10-13 psirt@adobe.com GHSA-qpwh-r3gf-8xm4
5.9
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: adobe
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach C2PA validation endpoint over network
  2. Exploit
    Deliver crafted certificate/content credential
  3. Execution
    Bypass improper certificate validation
  4. Impact
    Gain unauthorized write to provenance data

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Certificate validation
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that the target run an affected C2PA implementation (Content Credentials Rust SDK ≤ c2pa-v0.90.15, JS SDK ≤ @contentauth/c2pa-web@0.13.4, or C2PA Tool ≤ c2patool-v0.27.15) and invoke its certificate/credential validation path on attacker-supplied content. The decisive limiting factor, stated explicitly in the description, is that success 'depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control' (reflected as AC:H) - e.g., specific certificate-chain, trust-store, or validation-state circumstances the attacker cannot deterministically arrange - so the bypass is not reliably reproducible on demand. Offsetting factors that LOWER the barrier: no authentication (PR:N) and no user interaction (UI:N) are needed. Impact is confined to integrity (forged/accepted Content Credentials and unauthorized write of provenance data); there is no direct confidentiality or availability impact.

Impact

Signals point to a moderate, non-urgent issue rather than a top priority. CVSS 3.1 base is 5.9 (Medium) driven entirely by an integrity impact (C:N/I:H/A:N) via a certificate-validation flaw (CWE-295) that enables a security feature bypass and unauthorized write. The vector is network-reachable with no privileges or user interaction (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N), which raises exposure, but high attack complexity (AC:H) sharply constrains reliable exploitation - consistent with the description's statement that the exploit 'depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control.' No EPSS score, no CISA KEV entry, and no public exploit were provided, so there is no evidence of active exploitation or available weaponization: no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The dominant signals (AC:H + no exploitation evidence + integrity-only impact) outweigh the network-vector/no-auth signals, so this reads as a real-but-conditional integrity-bypass flaw, not a high-real-risk emergency. Note a mild internal tension: the input Tag labels this 'Authentication Bypass,' while the description and CWE-295 characterize it as improper certificate validation leading to a security feature bypass (content-credential trust bypass) - these are related but not identical, and the certificate-validation framing should be treated as authoritative. EPSS, KEV, and POC data were absent from the input; their absence is not itself evidence of low risk, only of unconfirmed exploitation.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker crafts content (or a signing certificate/credential) that the C2PA SDK improperly validates, causing the library to accept forged or tampered Content Credentials as trusted and permitting unauthorized write of provenance metadata. Because exploitation depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control (AC:H) and no public exploit is known, success is opportunistic and non-deterministic rather than reliably repeatable. No user interaction is required for the vulnerable validation path to be triggered.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026

Improper certificate validation in Adobe's CAI Content Credentials (C2PA) tooling lets an attacker slip forged or untrusted provenance data past the certificate/credential validation path, producing a security-feature bypass with integrity impact (CVSS 5.9, CWE-295). Affected implementations are the Content Credentials Rust SDK at or below c2pa-v0.90.15, the JS SDK at or below @contentauth/c2pa-web@0.13.4, and C2PA Tool at or below c2patool-v0.27.15 - any deployment that invokes the affected validation code on attacker-supplied content. Exploitation is unauthenticated (PR:N) and requires no user interaction (UI:N), but is rated AC:H because success depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control, meaning the bypass is not reliably reproducible on demand; no public exploit code has been identified and the issue is not confirmed as actively exploited (CISA KEV).

RemediationAI

Upgrade the affected C2PA components to the fixed releases specified in Adobe advisory APSB26-163 (https://www.adobe.com/trust/security/products/content-credentials-sdk/apsb26-163.html) - the input data lists the vulnerable ceilings as c2pa-v0.90.15 (Rust SDK), @contentauth/c2pa-web@0.13.4 (JS SDK), and c2patool-v0.27.15 (C2PA Tool) but does not enumerate exact patched version numbers, so confirm the corrected versions on the vendor advisory before pinning. Because a CVE-specific vendor patch reference is not independently confirmed here, treat this as patch-available-per-vendor-advisory and verify the fix against your dependency lockfiles and SBOM for all three SDKs. If immediate upgrade is not possible, apply compensating controls: do not make security or trust decisions solely on Content Credentials validated by the affected versions, disable or sandbox the validation path for untrusted external media, quarantine and re-validate inbound assets with an independent, updated C2PA verifier, and filter/reject externally supplied manifests until tooling is patched - accepting the trade-off that strict rejection will break legitimate provenance display for signed content. Given AC:H and no public exploit identified, prioritize by exposure: patch internet-facing ingest/verification services first, and monitor the Adobe advisory for updated guidance.

Affected VersionsENISA

Content Credentials Rust SDK 0 ≤c2pa-v0.90.15
Content Credentials JS SDK 0 ≤@contentauth/c2pa-web@0.13.4
C2PA Tool 0 ≤c2patool-v0.27.15

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Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation) sits at the heart of the C2PA/Content Credentials trust model: manifests embedded in media carry signed claims, and relying parties are supposed to validate the signer certificate chain, trust list membership, and signature binding before accepting provenance assertions. The affected components - the Rust SDK (c2pa), the web/JS SDK (@contentauth/c2pa-web), and the C2PA Tool (c2patool) - share this validation logic, and a flaw there means content whose certificate/credential chain should be rejected can instead be treated as valid, allowing unauthorized writes of provenance data and acceptance of forged Content Credentials. The vulnerability is network-reachable with no privileges or user action required (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N), and the High attack complexity reflects the reported dependence on conditions outside the attacker's control - for example a particular chain, trust-store state, or validation circumstance the attacker cannot deterministically arrange - which constrains but does not eliminate the risk. Impact is confined to integrity (C:N/I:H/A:N); there is no direct confidentiality or availability effect.

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Severity by source

Vendor (adobe) PRIMARY 5.9 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
vuln.today AI 5.9 MEDIUM

Network-reachable validation with no auth or interaction (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N), but AC:H because exploitation depends on conditions beyond attacker control; impact is integrity-only (I:H, C:N/A:N).

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (adobe).

CVSS VectorVendor: adobe

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

CAI Content Credentials is affected by an Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized write access. Exploit depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 83% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche content-provenance SDK/tooling, specialized developer and media adoption
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

30
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +30
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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