Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessReach application using vulnerable C2PA SDK
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ExploitPresent forged or invalid signing certificate
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ExecutionImproper validation accepts untrusted cert
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ImpactBypass provenance trust, gain unauthorized write
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Certificate validation
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires that the target application or workflow use an affected version of the Content Credentials/C2PA tooling - specifically @contentauth/c2pa-web ≤ 0.13.4 (JS SDK), c2pa ≤ 0.90.15 (Rust SDK), or c2patool ≤ 0.27.15 - to perform certificate/signature validation of content credentials. The core limiting factor is the CVSS AC:H condition explicitly stated in the description: exploitation 'depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control,' meaning a specific environmental or certificate-chain state must already be present for the improper validation (CWE-295) to be reachable; the attacker cannot force this state. No user interaction is required (UI:N) and no authentication is needed (PR:N), but impact is confined to integrity - bypassing trust to obtain unauthorized write/attestation - with no confidentiality or availability effect. |
| Impact | This is a moderate-severity, low-urgency issue. The CVSS 3.1 vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N, 5.9 MEDIUM) describes a network-reachable, unauthenticated flaw with HIGH attack complexity whose only impact is to integrity (I:H) via unauthorized write access - there is no confidentiality or availability impact. The HIGH attack complexity is directly supported by the description's statement that 'exploit depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control,' meaning a prerequisite environmental state (not attacker-controlled) must hold, which materially lowers reliability of exploitation. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC are present in the provided intelligence, so the exploitation status is: no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Signals are internally consistent - there is no conflict between the CVSS vector and the description. The practical risk is bounded: although network and unauthenticated, the AC:H condition plus integrity-only impact (certificate/signature trust bypass rather than code execution or data theft) makes this a credible but not widespread-exploitation priority. Prioritize patching in build pipelines that rely on C2PA provenance trust, but this is not an emergency relative to CRITICAL network RCEs. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker crafts or presents content credentials bearing a certificate that the vulnerable C2PA SDK/tool fails to validate properly (CWE-295), so the forged provenance is accepted as trusted. Because of this improper certificate validation, the attacker gains unauthorized write/attestation capability - effectively forging or tampering with signed content provenance - provided the required non-attacker-controlled conditions are met (CVSS AC:H). No public exploit code or active exploitation is identified at time of analysis. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026
Improper certificate validation in Adobe's CAI Content Credentials / C2PA tooling lets an attacker bypass trust verification and obtain unauthorized write access to content credentials, an integrity-only impact. Affected components are the JavaScript SDK (@contentauth/c2pa-web 0.13.4 and earlier), the Rust SDK (c2pa 0.90.15 and earlier) and the C2PA command-line tool (c2patool 0.27.15 and earlier); the CVSS 3.1 vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N indicates remote exploitation with no authentication and no user interaction, but a high attack-complexity caveat because success depends on a pre-existing certificate-chain or environmental state the attacker cannot force. No public exploit code and no confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV) were identified at time of analysis, and EPSS data was not provided; our independent assessment rates this as a moderate-severity, low-urgency issue confined to integrity.
RemediationAI
Apply the fixed releases published in Adobe's advisory APSB26-163 (https://www.adobe.com/trust/security/products/content-credentials-sdk/apsb26-163.html), which is the authoritative source for exact remediated version numbers; the available data only defines the affected ceilings, so any upgrade must move @contentauth/c2pa-web above 0.13.4, the Rust crate c2pa above 0.90.15, and c2patool above 0.27.15, and dependency lockfiles and container images bundling c2patool should be rebuilt rather than patched in place. Patch status: patch availability is indicated via the vendor advisory, though exact fixed version strings are not confirmed in the supplied intelligence, so validate the target release note before rollout. Because exploitation hinges on a certificate-chain state the attacker does not control (AC:H), temporary compensating controls are practical: pin an explicit trust list of acceptable signing certificate issuers/roots and reject any credential whose chain does not terminate in it (side effect: legitimate content from third-party or newly onboarded issuers will be rejected until added), disable any 'accept unsigned or untrusted' or permissive verification flag in c2patool and the SDK wrappers, and gate write or attestation operations on the result of a full chain validation rather than on signature presence alone (side effect: added latency and possible false negatives during trust-store rollouts). Until upgraded, treat credential write/metadata modification from untrusted sources as unauthenticated and require out-of-band verification of high-value assets. No public exploit code or confirmed in-the-wild exploitation was identified, so this can be scheduled as a routine, risk-prioritized patch rather than an emergency response.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability is an instance of CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation) in the Content Authenticity Initiative's Content Credentials stack, which implements the C2PA specification for cryptographically signed provenance manifests. C2PA manifests carry a signature and an X.509 certificate chain; consumers of the specification are expected to build and check a trust chain from the signing certificate to a trusted root before treating the embedded claims (including authorship/attestation data) as valid. When that validation step is not enforced correctly, a crafted credential can be accepted as trustworthy, allowing the attacker to write or assert content-credential data that should have been rejected - the 'security feature bypass' described in the advisory. The affected code paths are spread across three implementations tracked by the vendor's CPE-style ranges: the browser/Node.js JavaScript SDK @contentauth/c2pa-web (through 0.13.4), the Rust crate c2pa (through 0.90.15), and the c2patool CLI (through 0.27.15), meaning any downstream application, verification service, or signing pipeline that embeds one of these libraries inherits the flaw wherever it performs certificate/signature validation of credentials. The high attack-complexity rating (AC:H) explicitly reflects the vendor's statement that exploitation 'depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control': a particular certificate-chain configuration or validation state must already be present in the target environment for the improper check to be reachable, so the flaw is not trivially triggerable in every deployment. Network reachability (AV:N), no privileges (PR:N) and no user interaction (UI:N) mean the technical barrier is environmental rather than credential- or victim-based, and the unchanged scope with no confidentiality or availability impact keeps the blast radius limited to the authenticity of credential metadata.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Network-reachable signature validation, no auth or interaction (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N); 'conditions beyond attacker control' justifies AC:H; impact is trust/write forgery so I:H only, C:N/A:N.
Primary rating from Vendor (adobe).
CVSS VectorVendor: adobe
DescriptionCVE.org
CAI Content Credentials is affected by an Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized write access. Exploit depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
Server-side request forgery in Adobe Content Credentials (CAI Content Credentials SDK) allows unauthenticated remote att
Server-Side Request Forgery in Adobe's C2PA (Content Credentials) SDK family - the Rust SDK (c2pa), the Node.js web SDK
Denial of service in Adobe's CAI (Content Authenticity Initiative) Content Credentials SDK stems from uncontrolled resou
Uncontrolled resource consumption in the Adobe CAI Content Credentials SDK lets unauthenticated, remote attackers exhaus
Improper input validation in the Adobe CAI Content Credentials SDK allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to bypass a
Improper input validation in the CAI Content Credentials SDK (Adobe security bulletin APSB26-163) lets unauthenticated r
Unauthenticated remote attackers can bypass a security feature in Adobe's CAI Content Credentials SDK and gain unauthori
Improper input validation in the CAI Content Credentials SDK allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to feed crafted i
Integer overflow (CWE-190) in the CAI Content Credentials SDK lets unauthenticated remote attackers crash applications t
Denial-of-service in the CAI Content Credentials SDK allows remote unauthenticated attackers to exhaust system resources
Denial of service in the CAI Content Credentials SDK allows remote, unauthenticated attackers to exhaust system resource
Application denial-of-service in the Adobe CAI Content Credentials SDK lets unauthenticated remote attackers exhaust sys
EUVD-2026-100735
GHSA-2gfj-2pv8-9m89
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB