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Linux Kernel CVE-2026-99237

| EUVDEUVD-2026-115279 HIGH
2026-11-02 Linux GHSA-w7jm-33hw-fpp2
7.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: Linux
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain local access with tracefs read permissions
  2. Delivery
    Open boot-mapped last-boot trace buffer from two readers
  3. Exploit
    Race update_last_data_if_empty without trace_types_lock
  4. Execution
    Double-free kernel module_delta
  5. Impact
    Corrupt kernel heap for privilege escalation or DoS

Vulnerability Assessment

Exploitation Conditions

Requires local access to the kernel trace filesystem (e.g. /sys/kernel/tracing), which is root/CAP_SYS_ADMIN-restricted by default, and the target must be using the persistent boot-mapped 'last boot' ring buffer feature so that update_last_data_if_empty() and the LAST_BOOT path are reachable. The attacker must drive at least two concurrent readers (tracing_open with O_TRUNC, tracing_read_pipe, or tracing_buffers_read) to both pass the LAST_BOOT check and hit the double-free of module_delta. Limiting factors: local-only (not remotely reachable), dependence on this non-default persistent-tracing configuration, the need to win a narrow race window, and default tracefs permissions that restrict who can open these files.

Impact

This is a local kernel-memory-corruption race in the Linux tracing subsystem, not a remotely reachable flaw. The supplied CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, score 7.8) scores it High with full CIA impact, consistent with a kernel double-free that can corrupt heap state. The description explicitly identifies a concurrency trigger: two readers can both pass the LAST_BOOT test and free module_delta twice, and a module notifier can mutate module_delta during the free - this is a classic race/double-free (effectively CWE-415/CWE-362), though the input lists CWE as N/A. I disagree mildly with the input's AC:L: winning a double-free window between two concurrent readers is a timing-dependent race, which argues for AC:H in real-world reliability. No CISA KEV entry, no EPSS score, and no PoC are present in the input - the three references are git.kernel.org stable commits, i.e. the fix itself, not exploit code. The vuln.today 'this_week' label reflects a routine upstream kernel fix cadence, not evidence of active exploitation. Net: a legitimate local privilege-escalation/DoS-class kernel bug worth patching in the normal cycle, but there is no signal of widespread or active exploitation, and exploitation is gated by local access and a niche feature (below). Note also a tag/impact tension: the input tags this 'Information Disclosure', but the described mechanism is memory corruption (double-free), where any info leak would be secondary.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local user with access to the kernel trace filesystem, on a system using the persistent boot-mapped ('last boot') ring buffer, opens the same last-boot trace data from two threads at once (e.g. tracing_open with O_TRUNC plus a trace_pipe/trace_buffers reader). Both readers pass the LAST_BOOT check and free module_delta twice while a module notifier may update it mid-free, corrupting kernel heap memory for potential privilege escalation or a kernel crash. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available

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AnalysisAIv1 – Nov 02, 2026

Local kernel memory corruption in the Linux tracing subsystem can result from a race in update_last_data_if_empty(): concurrent readers that reset persistent 'last boot' trace data without trace_types_lock can double-free module_delta, and a module notifier can update the object while it is being freed. Affected are Linux kernel builds using the non-default persistent boot-mapped last-boot ring buffer, with exploitation requiring local access to tracefs (CVSS AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H; tracefs is commonly root/CAP_SYS_ADMIN-restricted). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the supplied decision signal places remediation in the this_week priority band.

RemediationAI

Upstream fix available (commit); released patched version not independently confirmed. Apply the stable commits at https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92b69f6db640dadc0851762ee2e12db99f083cad, https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6d991afe775ab7fcf89523a2502b7ca3be56ffd, and https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f06cfe0b60a878619d1d8efe1cd0f515b7dc2aa. Until the kernel is updated, restrict access to tracefs (for example /sys/kernel/tracing) to trusted root/CAP_SYS_ADMIN users, and avoid the persistent boot-mapped 'last boot' tracing configuration; both reduce exposure but have operational trade-offs, since restricting tracefs blocks legitimate tracing/debugging and disabling the feature loses boot-persistent trace data. Also avoid concurrent tracing_open(O_TRUNC), tracing_read_pipe(), and tracing_buffers_read() operations against these files where feasible, recognizing that this is only a compensating control and the upstream trace_types_lock fix is the complete remediation.

Affected VersionsENISA

Linux 32dc0042528d385d83bf458e4cf3a49c5110afea <d6d991afe775ab7fcf89523a2502b7ca3be56ffd
Linux 6.16
Linux patch: 6.18.60
Linux patch: 7.3.1
Linux patch: 0
Linux 32dc0042528d385d83bf458e4cf3a49c5110afea <1f06cfe0b60a878619d1d8efe1cd0f515b7dc2aa
Linux patch: 7.2.14
Linux 32dc0042528d385d83bf458e4cf3a49c5110afea <92b69f6db640dadc0851762ee2e12db99f083cad

Affected Packages

euvd linux no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The flaw is in the Linux tracing subsystem's handling of the persistent 'last boot' trace buffer. update_last_data_if_empty() is invoked from tracing_open() with O_TRUNC, tracing_read_pipe(), and tracing_buffers_read() without holding trace_types_lock; two readers can both pass the LAST_BOOT test and free module_delta twice, while a module notifier can update module_delta during the free. The fix takes trace_types_lock in those paths and moves callers that already hold the lock to an unlocked variant. The supplied data assigns no CWE; the root-cause class is a race condition producing a double-free and potential use-after-free in kernel memory. The supplied CVSS base is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), while the independent assessment adjusts to AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H because the race window is narrow and the persistent tracing configuration is non-default. CPE data identifies linux:linux without a version constraint, so affected builds are those containing the vulnerable tracing code and the persistent boot-mapped last-boot feature, rather than a single named release.

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Severity by source

Vendor (Linux) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 6.5 MEDIUM

Local-only via tracefs (AV:L, PR:L); double-free is a timing race between two readers (AC:H); kernel heap corruption gives high integrity/availability impact (I:H/A:H) with limited info leak (C:L).

3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (Linux).

CVSS VectorVendor: Linux

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Nov 02, 2026 - 17:18 EUVD
CVE Published
Nov 02, 2026 - 16:06 cve.org
HIGH 7.8

DescriptionCVE.org

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tracing: Hold trace_types_lock when resetting last boot data from readers

update_last_data_if_empty() is called from tracing_open() with O_TRUNC, tracing_read_pipe() and tracing_buffers_read() without trace_types_lock. Two readers can both pass the LAST_BOOT test and free module_delta twice, and a module notifier can update module_delta while it is being freed.

Take trace_types_lock in those paths and keep the callers that already hold it on an unlocked variant.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A local privilege escalation vulnerability (CVE-2026-99237) in Linux kernel tracing code affects environments with the non-default persistent last-boot ring buffer enabled. Only users with root or CAP_SYS_ADMIN privileges can trigger it, meaning the impact is contained unless such privileges are misused, but a successful exploit could compromise high-integrity data and system availability. No public exploit is known at this time, and no vendor patch is available, so leadership should prioritize mitigation and inventory while monitoring for updates.

Business Impact: Medium
Compensating Controls

Restrict tracefs access to root/CAP_SYS_ADMIN only; disable the persistent boot-mapped last-boot ring buffer by removing relevant boot parameters or unmounting tracefs; monitor for unusual tracefs usage; apply kernel hardening to minimize CAP_SYS_ADMIN assignments.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Linux kernel runs across the vast majority of server and cloud deployments
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS N/A
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Medium

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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