Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessObserve signed /tnp/l/ click-tracking URL
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DeliveryReplay URL to public REST route
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ExploitReceive Set-Cookie with raw subscriber token
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ExecutionReplay token to ?na=px profile export
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ImpactExfiltrate full subscriber PII / rewrite profile
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Credential protection in transit/storage
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the attacker to obtain a valid, signed click-tracking URL (/tnp/l/ with a keyed-MD5 signature) for a specific target subscriber - such URLs are embedded in every external link of every newsletter sent, carry no timestamp, and never expire until the site's relink key rotates. The flaw is present in the default configuration of the Newsletter plugin ≤9.3.9 (the REST route is registered with permission_callback => '__return_true'), so no special plugin setting is needed; the only practical limiter is possession of one leaked signed URL, obtainable via forwarded/shared email, mail-gateway logs, or Referer leakage on the redirect target (which sets no Referrer-Policy). No authentication, nonce, password, or email challenge is required once the URL is observed. Fixed in version 9.4.0. |
| Impact | All exploitation signals point to a genuine but bounded data-privacy/account-manipulation flaw rather than a server-compromise emergency. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N, 5.3) correctly captures network, unauthenticated, no-interaction access, but the vendor's C:N understates the impact: the description explicitly states the leaked raw cookie lets an attacker export the subscriber's full PII record (?na=px), so a confidentiality impact clearly applies - I assess C:L, raising the realistic base to ~6.4. No EPSS score, KEV entry, or POC was supplied; exploitation status is therefore 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' The real gating factor is not technical complexity but the need to OBSERVE a valid signed /tnp/l/ click-tracking URL for the victim - however, the description details many low-effort leak channels (forwarded emails, shared inboxes, mail-gateway logs, and Referer headers on redirect targets that carry no Referrer-Policy), and the URLs never expire until the relink key rotates, which makes opportunistic/replay abuse plausible at scale. Net: a real priority for sites holding sensitive subscriber lists (GDPR-relevant PII exposure plus silent profile rewrite/unsubscribe), but it yields subscriber-scoped credential theft, not site or server takeover. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker obtains a signed newsletter click-tracking URL for a target subscriber - e.g. from a forwarded campaign email, a mail-gateway log, or a Referer header leaked by the redirect target - and replays it against /tnp/l/. The server responds with a Set-Cookie header containing the subscriber's permanent raw authentication token, which the attacker then presents to ?na=px to export the subscriber's full PII, to ?na=ps to rewrite their stored profile, or to ?na=ocu to silently unsubscribe them, none requiring a nonce or password. No public POC was provided, but the attack is deterministic and requires no special tooling. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 01, 2026
Unauthenticated attackers who obtain a valid signed click-tracking URL from the Newsletter - Send awesome emails from WordPress plugin (all versions up to and including 9.3.9) can receive a subscriber's permanent raw authentication token in a Set-Cookie response header and use it to export that subscriber's full PII record, rewrite their stored profile, or silently unsubscribe them. Exploitation requires possession of one leaked signed link - such links are embedded in every external link of every newsletter, carry no timestamp, and never expire until the site's relink key rotates - but no nonce, password, authentication, or email challenge is needed once the URL is observed. Rated CVSS 5.3 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, with confidentiality and integrity impact of Low per independent assessment); no CISA KEV listing and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis, making this a bounded data-privacy and account-manipulation issue rather than a server-compromise emergency.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: upgrade the Newsletter - Send awesome emails from WordPress plugin to version 9.4.0 or later; the fix is visible in the Trac changeset 3709894 (newsletter/tags/9.4.0 versus 3695457/9.3.9) at https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=&new=3709894%40newsletter%2Ftags%2F9.4.0&old=3695457%40newsletter%2Ftags%2F9.3.9, with the Wordfence advisory at https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ed68a4ff-a2aa-4df7-96b1-f094bce4b9b7?source=cve. If immediate upgrade is not possible, rotate the plugin's relink key so that all previously issued signed click-tracking URLs - the credential-recovery vector, since the signature has no timestamp and never expires - become invalid; the trade-off is that every tracking link inside already-delivered newsletters stops resolving and open/click statistics for those sends are lost. Additionally, set a Referrer-Policy of no-referrer or strict-origin-when-cross-origin on the site and on the redirect target, which reduces Referer-based leakage of signed URLs to third-party destinations at no functional cost. Blocking or rate-limiting the ?na=px (PII export), ?na=ps (profile write), and ?na=ocu (one-click unsubscribe) endpoints at a WAF is possible but breaks legitimate subscriber self-service and RFC-8058 one-click unsubscribe compliance, so it should be treated only as a short-term stopgap. Audit subscriber records and export logs for unexpected reads or profile changes, and instruct subscribers not to forward newsletter emails that contain tracking links.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw is a CWE-522 (Insufficiently Protected Credentials) weakness in the WordPress plugin satollo:newsletter_-_send_awesome_emails_from_wordpress. The plugin registers the public click-tracking REST route /tnp/l/ with permission_callback => '__return_true', so the endpoint is reachable by any remote client. When a request arrives with a valid keyed-MD5 signature, the handler calls set_user_cookie(), which emits a Set-Cookie: newsletter=<id>-<raw_token> header; because the subscriber object loaded via get_user() never receives the internal _trusted property, get_user_key() falls back to returning the raw token column value instead of its MD5-masked variant. The result is that a signed tracking URL effectively acts as a credential-recovery oracle for the subscriber associated with it. The token then works against the JSON profile-export endpoint (?na=px), the profile-update endpoint (?na=ps), and the RFC-8058 one-click unsubscribe endpoint (?na=ocu), none of which enforce a nonce, password, or email confirmation. Because the signature carries no timestamp and does not expire until the site's relink key is rotated, an observed URL can be replayed indefinitely; the redirect target also sets no Referrer-Policy, widening the leakage surface to Referer headers, forwarded mail, shared inboxes, and mail-gateway logs.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Unauthenticated network replay (PR:N/UI:N), AC:L since leaked tracking URLs are abundant and non-expiring; C:L for full PII export and I:L for profile rewrite/silent unsubscribe, differing from vendor's C:N.
Primary rating from Vendor (Wordfence).
CVSS VectorVendor: Wordfence
DescriptionCVE.org
The Newsletter - Send awesome emails from WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insufficiently Protected Credentials in all versions up to, and including, 9.3.9 The plugin's public click-tracking REST route /tnp/l/ is registered with permission_callback => '__return_true' and, upon receiving a valid keyed-MD5 signature, calls set_user_cookie(), which emits a Set-Cookie: newsletter=<id>-<raw_token> response header to the requester because the subscriber object loaded via get_user() lacks the _trusted property, causing get_user_key() to return the raw token column value instead of its MD5-masked variant. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers who obtain any signed click-tracking URL for a target subscriber to receive that subscriber's permanent raw authentication cookie, which they can then use to export the subscriber's full PII record via the JSON profile-export endpoint (?na=px), rewrite the subscriber's stored profile (?na=ps), and silently unsubscribe the subscriber via the RFC-8058 one-click endpoint (?na=ocu), none of which require a nonce, password, or email challenge. Signed tracking URLs are embedded in every external link of every newsletter delivered to a subscriber, carry no timestamp, and never expire until the site's relink key rotates, meaning that any party who observes such a URL - through a forwarded email, a shared inbox, a mail-gateway log, or Referer headers on the redirect target, which has no Referrer-Policy set - can replay it indefinitely to obtain the victim's credential.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
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EUVD-2026-90455
GHSA-r57r-xx5c-pcg3
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB