Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate to Roundcube with crafted LDAP-metacharacter username
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DeliveryRoundcube substitutes unescaped %u/%fu/%d into search_filter
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ExploitLDAP server evaluates attacker-modified filter
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ExecutionLDAP returns unauthorized directory records
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PersistAttacker reads sensitive directory data or bypasses group membership checks
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ImpactPrivilege escalation or information disclosure achieved
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Command injection prevention
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Three conditions must simultaneously hold: (1) the attacker must possess a valid Roundcube user account (PR:L - low privilege, authenticated access required); (2) the Roundcube deployment must use an LDAP backend for authentication, addressbook lookups, or group membership checks, and the |
| Impact | The vendor CVSS 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) correctly identifies low-complexity network exploitation requiring only a valid account. However, A:H appears overstated - LDAP injection does not typically produce server availability loss, and neither the description nor the commit diff supports an availability impact; a more accurate assessment is A:N. Real-world risk is further bounded by EPSS of 0.25% (16th percentile) and SSVC technical impact rated only 'partial,' consistent with impact being limited to the LDAP directory rather than OS-level compromise. Crucially, the vulnerability is inert on Roundcube deployments backed by SQL or local authentication - only installations using LDAP backend with |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker with a valid Roundcube account crafts a username containing LDAP filter metacharacters such as |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv2 – Sep 08, 2026
LDAP filter injection in Roundcube Webmail arises from unescaped substitution variables (%u, %fu, %d) embedded directly into LDAP search_filter configuration strings, affecting all 1.6.x releases before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x releases before 1.7.3. An authenticated user whose login credentials contain crafted LDAP metacharacters can manipulate server-side directory queries, potentially disclosing LDAP directory contents or escalating privileges by subverting group membership lookups. No active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis (SSVC: Exploitation none), though the low attack complexity and network accessibility warrant prompt patching for any LDAP-backed deployment.
Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
LDAP filter injection in Roundcube Webmail allows authenticated users to manipulate directory queries by embedding LDAP metacharacters into username, full-username, or mail-domain values that are substituted unsanitized into the administrator-configured search_filter expression. Affected are all deployments running versions before 1.6.18 or 1.7.x before 1.7.3 with an LDAP authentication or address-book backend. An attacker with a valid webmail account can rewrite LDAP filter logic to enumerate other users' directory attributes (information disclosure) or bypass group-membership checks to gain elevated access within the directory (privilege escalation); no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
Upgrade to Roundcube Webmail 1.6.18 or 1.7.3, both released 2026-08-09 and confirmed patched via GitHub at https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/releases/tag/1.6.18 and https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/releases/tag/1.7.3. If immediate upgrade is not possible, disabling the LDAP backend (switching to SQL or local authentication) eliminates the attack surface entirely, though this disrupts directory-based authentication and addressbook lookups. Restricting LDAP bind permissions to read-only reduces the privilege escalation risk but does not prevent filter manipulation or information disclosure. Administrators should audit search_filter configurations that reference %u, %fu, or %d to assess exposure scope.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Roundcube's LDAP backend (program/lib/Roundcube/rcube_ldap.php) substitutes user-controlled values - username (%u), full username (%fu), and mail domain (%d) - directly into LDAP filter strings configured by the administrator via search_filter. Prior to the fix, these substitutions were performed without escaping LDAP special characters (*, (, ), \, \x00), allowing an attacker to alter the logical structure of the LDAP query. The root cause maps to CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in a Command), which encompasses LDAP injection (CWE-90) as a child type. The commit patch (0893e192, e6cc1e12) adds rcube_ldap_generic::quote_string() calls around $fu, $d in _connect(), and $contact_dn in get_record_groups(). Affected CPE: cpe:2.3:a:roundcube:webmail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* covering 1.6.0-1.6.17 and 1.7.0-1.7.2.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
LDAP injection yields directory disclosure and privilege escalation but no availability impact; PR:L as a valid account is required.
Primary rating from NVD.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionNVD
In Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x before 1.7.3, the LDAP search filter was subject to injection via unescaped %u/%fu/%d substitution, which may lead to information disclosure or privilege escalation.
Executive ViewAI
Roundcube Webmail 1.6.x before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x before 1.7.3 allow any authenticated email user to inject malicious LDAP queries, enabling unauthorized access to directory information and escalation to privileged group memberships. Organizations relying on LDAP authentication must patch immediately to prevent data exposure and privilege escalation attacks.
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Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
OS command injection occurs when an application passes unsanitized user input directly into system shell commands.
Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Roundcube Webmail contains a critical PHP object deserialization vulnerability (CVE-2025-49113, CVSS 9.9) that allows au
Roundcube Webmail before 1.1.10, 1.2.x before 1.2.7, and 1.3.x before 1.3.3 allows unauthorized access to arbitrary file
steps/mail/sendmail.inc in Roundcube before 1.1.7 and 1.2.x before 1.2.3, when no SMTP server is configured and the send
Directory traversal vulnerability in the set_skin function in program/include/rcmail_output_html.php in Roundcube before
rcube_image.php in Roundcube Webmail before 1.4.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via shell metacharacters in
Roundcube Webmail before 1.4.4 allows attackers to include local files and execute code via directory traversal in a plu
The DBMail driver in the Password plugin in Roundcube before 1.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands
A Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability in Roundcube through 1.5.7 and 1.6.x through 1.6.7 allows a remote attacker to stea
Multiple buffer overflows in the DBMail driver in the Password plugin in Roundcube before 1.1.0 allow remote attackers t
Roundcube Webmail allows arbitrary password resets by authenticated users. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerab
Pre-authentication SQL injection in Roundcube Webmail's virtuser_query plugin allows unauthenticated remote attackers to
roundcube version 1.3.4 and earlier contains an Insecure Permissions vulnerability in enigma plugin that can result in e
EUVD-2026-60172
GHSA-2c9p-fq48-6545
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB