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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain low-privilege local user session
  2. Delivery
    Invoke Windows Biometric Framework API with crafted input
  3. Exploit
    Trigger heap buffer overflow in wbiosrvc.exe
  4. Execution
    Corrupt heap metadata or overwrite function pointer
  5. Impact
    Execute arbitrary code as SYSTEM

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Heap buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires an authenticated low-privilege local user account on the target Windows host (PR:L, AV:L) - corresponding to a standard domain or local account without elevated rights. The Windows Biometric Service must be running, which is its default state on systems with Windows Hello configured or biometric hardware present. No user interaction beyond the attacker executing code in their own session is required (UI:N). Remote-only attackers cannot directly trigger this vulnerability without first obtaining local code execution. SSVC classifies the flaw as non-automatable, confirming that network-based mass exploitation is not feasible. The primary limiting factor is the prerequisite of a local foothold; the absence of any complexity barrier (AC:L) means exploitation is straightforward once that foothold exists.

Impact

CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) is well-calibrated for this class of local privilege escalation: the low attack complexity and absence of required user interaction mean that once an attacker holds any local shell, exploitation is mechanically straightforward. SSVC classifies exploitation as 'none' at time of analysis and the vulnerability as non-automatable, which correctly distinguishes this from a remotely wormable flaw - an attacker must already have a local foothold. Despite the absence of a public exploit, AC:L historically correlates with short weaponization timelines after patch release, since reverse-engineering the patch can expose the vulnerable code path. Even a mid-sized municipal IT team in koszalin should treat patching as urgent on any system where shared or untrusted low-privilege accounts exist - shared workstations, VDI pools, developer endpoints, and terminal servers represent the highest-risk deployment contexts. SSVC technical impact of 'total' aligns with the C:H/I:H/A:H impact triad, confirming full host compromise is the realistic post-exploitation outcome.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who has obtained a low-privilege shell on a Windows host - through credential phishing, a web application exploit, or lateral movement from another compromised system - invokes Windows Biometric Framework APIs with maliciously crafted parameters that trigger the heap overflow in the Biometric Service process. The overflow corrupts adjacent heap structures or overwrites a function pointer, redirecting execution into attacker-controlled shellcode running as SYSTEM. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the AC:L rating indicates the technique is reliable once the vulnerable allocation path is identified through patch diffing.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 08, 2026

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Biometric Service (wbiosrvc.exe) enables a low-privileged local attacker to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges across all major Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 releases. The flaw (CWE-122) can be triggered with low complexity and no user interaction, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact over the affected host. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches covering all affected build lines.

RemediationAI

Apply the Microsoft cumulative updates that advance each affected build to or above the fixed build numbers confirmed by EUVD: for Windows 10 22H2 upgrade to build 10.0.19045.7725 or later; for Windows 11 24H2 to 10.0.26100.9445 or later; for Windows Server 2022 to 10.0.20348.5622 or later; for Windows Server 2025 to 10.0.26100.33438 or later (see full version list in affected products). Patches are delivered through Windows Update, WSUS, and the Microsoft Update Catalog. Where immediate patching is not feasible, a compensating control is to disable or restrict the Windows Biometric Service via Group Policy under Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Biometrics - specifically, setting 'Allow the use of biometrics' to Disabled will prevent arbitrary user-space interaction with the service, though this disables Windows Hello biometric login and fingerprint enrollment for all users on the affected system. Additionally, restricting local interactive logon rights to only trusted accounts reduces the pool of potential attackers who can reach the service. The MSRC advisory is at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-72990.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7725
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.2954
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.9445
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33438
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5622
Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9512
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9512
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9512
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.7582
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.9445
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33438
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7725

Affected Packages

euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9512
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7725
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7725
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.7582
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.9445
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.9445
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.2954
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9512
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9512
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5622
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.33438
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.33438

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 15 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Windows Biometric Service is a core Windows subsystem (wbiosrvc.exe) that implements the Windows Biometric Framework (WBF), managing biometric hardware such as fingerprint readers and facilitating Windows Hello authentication flows. CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow) identifies the root cause as attacker-controlled data exceeding the bounds of a heap-allocated buffer within this service process. Because the service runs with elevated privileges, corrupting its heap - including function pointers, vtable entries, or allocator metadata - can redirect execution to attacker-supplied code running at SYSTEM integrity. The CVSS vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N reflects that the attack requires only a standard local user session and is reliably reproducible without any special environmental conditions. Affected builds span Windows 10 (1607/1809/21H2/22H2), Windows 11 (23H2/24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025, including Server Core variants.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 7.8 HIGH

Low-privilege local session is the only prerequisite; heap overflow in a SYSTEM service reliably achieves full host compromise with no interaction or environmental complexity.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Sep 08, 2026 - 18:35 EUVD
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 18:20 cve.org
HIGH 7.8

DescriptionCVE.org

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Biometric Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Microsoft Windows Biometric Service contains a critical privilege escalation vulnerability (CVE-2026-72990, CVSS 7.8) affecting all Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016-2025 systems. A low-privileged local user can exploit this heap-based buffer overflow with minimal effort to gain SYSTEM-level access, enabling complete compromise of any affected host. This vulnerability threatens every Windows-based system in the organization's infrastructure.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 75% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Windows deployed across virtually all enterprise and consumer environments globally
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

A heap overflow occurs when a program writes data beyond the bounds of a buffer allocated in the heap memory region.

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