Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessOperate or compromise dApp backend
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DeliveryDeliver benign initial calldata chunk to device
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ExploitVictim physically confirms chunk on Trezor screen
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ExecutionStream malicious calldata tail after confirmation
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PersistDevice signs full modified transaction without re-prompting
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ImpactBroadcast attacker-controlled signed transaction
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Improperly implemented security check
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the victim to initiate an Ethereum contract interaction - not a simple ETH value transfer - whose calldata is large enough to be split across multiple streaming chunks on the device. The attacker must control the calldata streaming pipeline, either by operating or compromising the dApp backend that communicates with the Trezor host software, or by achieving a man-in-the-middle position on the channel between the host and the device. The victim must physically interact with the device by tapping Confirm on the displayed (initial-chunk-only) calldata prompt. Simple ETH transfers with no calldata are not affected. The CVSS PR:N confirms no attacker authentication is required against the victim's device, but the attacker must control the data source. High Attack Complexity (AC:H) reflects the precise streaming-control timing requirement. Non-contract Ethereum transactions and non-Ethereum coins are not affected. |
| Impact | The CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.3 with vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N accurately reflects the combination of a High Integrity impact offset by High Attack Complexity and Required User Interaction. Exploitation requires the attacker to have precise control over calldata chunk delivery - achievable via a malicious or compromised dApp backend or MitM on the host-to-device communication - and the victim must actively confirm the transaction on the physical device. No CISA KEV listing is present; CISA's Cybersecurity Group (cisa-cg) is listed as the reporter, which does not equate to confirmed active exploitation. EPSS data was not provided in the source intelligence and cannot be assessed. No public proof-of-concept has been identified. The real-world risk is highest for Trezor Safe users who routinely sign complex Ethereum contract interactions via third-party dApps, particularly those whose calldata exceeds the single-chunk threshold. Users whose workflows are limited to simple ETH transfers or interactions exclusively with locally-verified, self-hosted dApps face materially lower risk. The Information Disclosure tag in the source data appears inconsistent with the CVSS C:N metric; no confidentiality breach is evident from the description or commit diff. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A malicious dApp backend crafts a large Ethereum contract call - for example an ERC-20 approve() for a token amount of 1 - and initially streams only that benign first chunk for the Trezor device to display, prompting the victim to tap Confirm on the physical device. Once the victim confirms, the dApp streams a manipulated calldata tail that silently replaces the approval amount with uint256.max and changes the spender to an attacker-controlled address. The unpatched device, having already received user confirmation for the visible initial chunk, incorporates the full malicious calldata into the digest and signs it without further on-screen prompting, granting the attacker unlimited token spending rights. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jul 21, 2026
Ethereum transaction signing on Trezor Safe 3, Safe 5, and Safe 7 hardware wallets can be silently subverted because the device displays and requests on-screen confirmation only for the initial calldata chunk but cryptographically commits the entire streamed calldata into the final signature. A malicious dApp operator or man-in-the-middle attacker can present a benign-looking initial chunk for the victim to approve on the physical device, then stream a manipulated calldata tail that alters the actual transaction semantics - for example changing a token-approval recipient, amount, or contract target. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is fixed in upstream commit 70c9b0c per the vendor's firmware repository.
RemediationAI
The primary fix is to update Trezor Safe 3, Safe 5, and Safe 7 firmware to a version that incorporates commit 70c9b0c07748 or later. The exact patched firmware release version number is not independently confirmed from the available data - users should consult the official Trezor firmware changelog alongside the upstream patch at https://github.com/trezor/trezor-firmware/commit/70c9b0c07748 to identify the correct release. As a compensating control before patching, users should avoid signing Ethereum contract transactions with large or multi-chunk calldata through any dApp that is not fully trusted and locally verified, since the device cannot currently be relied upon to display the complete transaction data. Restricting Ethereum signing to simple value transfers (no calldata) eliminates exposure entirely but may be operationally impractical. These workarounds require sustained user diligence and do not remediate the underlying firmware flaw.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 3 packages in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw resides in the Ethereum sign_tx and sign_tx_eip1559 flows in Trezor firmware (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:trezor:safe_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, cpe:2.3:a:trezor:safe_5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, cpe:2.3:a:trezor:safe_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*). Ethereum contract calldata can be arbitrarily large and is therefore delivered to the device in multiple sequential chunks. The original firmware called require_confirm_other_data() only for the initial chunk, then consumed subsequent chunks directly into the RLP/SHA digest without displaying them. CWE-358 (Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard) accurately captures the root cause: the on-device confirmation step was structurally decoupled from the iterative digest computation, so the data a user explicitly approved and the data actually committed to by the private-key signature were not bound to the same byte stream. The fix in commit 70c9b0c introduces a make_confirm_data() function that invokes confirm_blob_prefix() on every chunk as it is fed into the digest, enforcing a cryptographically consistent binding between displayed and signed data.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Attacker must control chunk streaming via malicious dApp (AC:H); victim must confirm on physical device (UI:R); transaction integrity fully compromised but no confidentiality or availability impact (I:H, C:N, A:N).
Primary rating from Vendor (cisa-cg).
CVSS VectorVendor: cisa-cg
Lifecycle Timeline
1DescriptionCVE.org
Trezor Safe 3, Safe 5, and Safe 7 firmware contains a confirmation-binding flaw in the Ethereum sign_tx / sign_tx_eip1559 flow. For contract interactions, the device confirms only the initial calldata chunk while the signature commits to the full streamed calldata. An attacker could present calldata to a victim then supply a different tail that changes the signed transaction. Fixed in 70c9b0c.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
EUVD-2026-46400
GHSA-6552-m3hr-mqwj
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
VulDB
Exploit-DB