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Trezor Safe Firmware CVE-2026-65058

| EUVDEUVD-2026-46400 MEDIUM
Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard (CWE-358)
2026-07-21 cisa-cg GHSA-6552-m3hr-mqwj
5.9
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: cisa-cg
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Operate or compromise dApp backend
  2. Delivery
    Deliver benign initial calldata chunk to device
  3. Exploit
    Victim physically confirms chunk on Trezor screen
  4. Execution
    Stream malicious calldata tail after confirmation
  5. Persist
    Device signs full modified transaction without re-prompting
  6. Impact
    Broadcast attacker-controlled signed transaction

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Improperly implemented security check
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the victim to initiate an Ethereum contract interaction - not a simple ETH value transfer - whose calldata is large enough to be split across multiple streaming chunks on the device. The attacker must control the calldata streaming pipeline, either by operating or compromising the dApp backend that communicates with the Trezor host software, or by achieving a man-in-the-middle position on the channel between the host and the device. The victim must physically interact with the device by tapping Confirm on the displayed (initial-chunk-only) calldata prompt. Simple ETH transfers with no calldata are not affected. The CVSS PR:N confirms no attacker authentication is required against the victim's device, but the attacker must control the data source. High Attack Complexity (AC:H) reflects the precise streaming-control timing requirement. Non-contract Ethereum transactions and non-Ethereum coins are not affected.

Impact

The CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.3 with vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N accurately reflects the combination of a High Integrity impact offset by High Attack Complexity and Required User Interaction. Exploitation requires the attacker to have precise control over calldata chunk delivery - achievable via a malicious or compromised dApp backend or MitM on the host-to-device communication - and the victim must actively confirm the transaction on the physical device. No CISA KEV listing is present; CISA's Cybersecurity Group (cisa-cg) is listed as the reporter, which does not equate to confirmed active exploitation. EPSS data was not provided in the source intelligence and cannot be assessed. No public proof-of-concept has been identified. The real-world risk is highest for Trezor Safe users who routinely sign complex Ethereum contract interactions via third-party dApps, particularly those whose calldata exceeds the single-chunk threshold. Users whose workflows are limited to simple ETH transfers or interactions exclusively with locally-verified, self-hosted dApps face materially lower risk. The Information Disclosure tag in the source data appears inconsistent with the CVSS C:N metric; no confidentiality breach is evident from the description or commit diff.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A malicious dApp backend crafts a large Ethereum contract call - for example an ERC-20 approve() for a token amount of 1 - and initially streams only that benign first chunk for the Trezor device to display, prompting the victim to tap Confirm on the physical device. Once the victim confirms, the dApp streams a manipulated calldata tail that silently replaces the approval amount with uint256.max and changes the spender to an attacker-controlled address. The unpatched device, having already received user confirmation for the visible initial chunk, incorporates the full malicious calldata into the digest and signs it without further on-screen prompting, granting the attacker unlimited token spending rights.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 21, 2026

Ethereum transaction signing on Trezor Safe 3, Safe 5, and Safe 7 hardware wallets can be silently subverted because the device displays and requests on-screen confirmation only for the initial calldata chunk but cryptographically commits the entire streamed calldata into the final signature. A malicious dApp operator or man-in-the-middle attacker can present a benign-looking initial chunk for the victim to approve on the physical device, then stream a manipulated calldata tail that alters the actual transaction semantics - for example changing a token-approval recipient, amount, or contract target. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is fixed in upstream commit 70c9b0c per the vendor's firmware repository.

RemediationAI

The primary fix is to update Trezor Safe 3, Safe 5, and Safe 7 firmware to a version that incorporates commit 70c9b0c07748 or later. The exact patched firmware release version number is not independently confirmed from the available data - users should consult the official Trezor firmware changelog alongside the upstream patch at https://github.com/trezor/trezor-firmware/commit/70c9b0c07748 to identify the correct release. As a compensating control before patching, users should avoid signing Ethereum contract transactions with large or multi-chunk calldata through any dApp that is not fully trusted and locally verified, since the device cannot currently be relied upon to display the complete transaction data. Restricting Ethereum signing to simple value transfers (no calldata) eliminates exposure entirely but may be operationally impractical. These workarounds require sustained user diligence and do not remediate the underlying firmware flaw.

Affected VersionsENISA

Safe 5 0 <70c9b0c
Safe 7 0 <70c9b0c
Safe 3 0 <70c9b0c

Affected Packages

euvd safe_3 fix: 70c9b0c
euvd safe_5 fix: 70c9b0c
euvd safe_7 fix: 70c9b0c

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 3 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The flaw resides in the Ethereum sign_tx and sign_tx_eip1559 flows in Trezor firmware (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:trezor:safe_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, cpe:2.3:a:trezor:safe_5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, cpe:2.3:a:trezor:safe_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*). Ethereum contract calldata can be arbitrarily large and is therefore delivered to the device in multiple sequential chunks. The original firmware called require_confirm_other_data() only for the initial chunk, then consumed subsequent chunks directly into the RLP/SHA digest without displaying them. CWE-358 (Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard) accurately captures the root cause: the on-device confirmation step was structurally decoupled from the iterative digest computation, so the data a user explicitly approved and the data actually committed to by the private-key signature were not bound to the same byte stream. The fix in commit 70c9b0c introduces a make_confirm_data() function that invokes confirm_blob_prefix() on every chunk as it is fed into the digest, enforcing a cryptographically consistent binding between displayed and signed data.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (cisa-cg) PRIMARY 5.9 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 5.3 MEDIUM

Attacker must control chunk streaming via malicious dApp (AC:H); victim must confirm on physical device (UI:R); transaction integrity fully compromised but no confidentiality or availability impact (I:H, C:N, A:N).

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (cisa-cg).

CVSS VectorVendor: cisa-cg

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Active
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

1
CVSS changed
Jul 21, 2026 - 21:22 NVD
5.3 (MEDIUM) 5.9 (MEDIUM)

DescriptionCVE.org

Trezor Safe 3, Safe 5, and Safe 7 firmware contains a confirmation-binding flaw in the Ethereum sign_tx / sign_tx_eip1559 flow. For contract interactions, the device confirms only the initial calldata chunk while the signature commits to the full streamed calldata. An attacker could present calldata to a victim then supply a different tail that changes the signed transaction. Fixed in 70c9b0c.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 80% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
popular hardware wallet brand, niche crypto-user base only
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

30
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +30
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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