Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain publishable API key from distributed app binary
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DeliverySend invite_user_to_org RPC call with candidate org ID
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ExploitObserve NO_ORG vs NO_RIGHTS differential response
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ExecutionConfirm org ID existence
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PersistIterate at scale across candidate ID space
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ImpactUse enumerated tenant list for targeted downstream attacks
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Timing-safe comparisons
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| Exploitation Conditions | The attacker must possess a publishable API key from any application built on the target Capgo instance; such keys are intentionally distributed in mobile app binaries and are not secret. The public.invite_user_to_org RPC endpoint must be network-accessible, which is the default deployment posture for Capgo. No authentication, user interaction, or privileged position is required beyond possession of the publishable key. Exploitation is bounded in impact: only organization ID existence is disclosed - no credentials, user data, or content are exposed. Effective exploitation is further limited if the Capgo instance implements aggressive API rate-limiting or anomaly detection on RPC calls, though neither is confirmed as a default control from available data. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 vector AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N scores 6.9 and accurately characterizes this as network-accessible, zero-complexity, effectively unauthenticated exploitation with low confidentiality impact - no inflation or deflation detected. No EPSS data was provided in the input, so probabilistic exploitation likelihood cannot be quantified. The vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV and no POC has been confirmed, suggesting no widespread active exploitation at time of analysis. Despite the modest impact ceiling, the real-world risk warrants prompt patching: the attack is fully automatable (no interaction required, no rate-limiting implied by default configuration), the key material is publicly distributed, and tenant enumeration is a recognized reconnaissance primitive enabling downstream attacks such as spear-phishing and credential stuffing against confirmed organizations. For deployments where customer identity confidentiality is a compliance requirement, the practical severity is higher than the raw CVSS score implies. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker extracts a publishable API key from any publicly distributed mobile application built on Capgo - no reverse engineering is required as such keys are designed to be client-visible. The attacker then runs an automated script iterating over candidate organization IDs, calling public.invite_user_to_org for each and classifying responses as NO_ORG (does not exist) or NO_RIGHTS (exists), building a confirmed list of active tenant IDs for use in targeted downstream attacks such as phishing or credential stuffing. No public POC has been confirmed, but the attack requires only standard HTTP tooling. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jun 30, 2026
Unauthenticated organization enumeration in Capgo before 12.128.2 exposes tenant existence through differential error responses in the public.invite_user_to_org SECURITY DEFINER RPC function. Any caller holding a publishable API key - a client-side credential intentionally distributed in mobile apps - can probe arbitrary organization IDs and distinguish NO_ORG from NO_RIGHTS responses, confirming or denying tenant existence at scale. No active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public POC has been identified, but the attack barrier is exceptionally low given the freely obtainable key material and the network-accessible default posture.
RemediationAI
Upgrade Capgo to version 12.128.2 or later as the primary remediation; this is the vendor-confirmed fix per the GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-35q8-ghfg-vp6m at https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-35q8-ghfg-vp6m. The fix is expected to normalize the error responses from public.invite_user_to_org so that both the organization-not-found and permission-denied paths return an indistinguishable response, eliminating the oracle. If immediate upgrade is not feasible, apply rate-limiting and anomaly detection at the API gateway or reverse proxy layer targeting calls to the invite_user_to_org RPC endpoint - this raises the cost of automated enumeration but does not eliminate the underlying discrepancy. As a more aggressive compensating control, block external access to this specific RPC endpoint entirely if the invite workflow is not relied upon externally; this eliminates the attack surface with the trade-off of disabling the invite feature for unauthenticated callers.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Capgo is a self-hostable live update platform for Capacitor mobile apps, built on a Supabase/PostgreSQL backend. The vulnerable function public.invite_user_to_org is a PostgreSQL SECURITY DEFINER procedure, meaning it runs with elevated database-owner privileges regardless of the caller's actual role - a design pattern intended to allow controlled privilege escalation. The root cause is CWE-203 (Observable Discrepancy): the function returns semantically distinct error codes (NO_ORG when the organization does not exist versus NO_RIGHTS when it does exist but the caller lacks permission), creating an information oracle. A publishable API key is a non-secret client credential embedded in app binaries for legitimate SDK use; its exposure to end users is by design, making it effectively unauthenticated from a trust-boundary perspective. CPE cpe:2.3:a:capgo:capgo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* covers all Capgo versions prior to 12.128.2.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Publishable key is publicly distributed so effectively PR:N; only org existence leaks so C:L; no integrity or availability impact applies.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
1DescriptionCVE.org
Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the public.invite_user_to_org RPC function that allows unauthenticated attackers to enumerate organization existence by observing distinct error responses. Attackers can call the SECURITY DEFINER function with a publishable API key to determine if an organization ID exists based on NO_ORG versus NO_RIGHTS responses, enabling tenant enumeration attacks.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Cross-domain SSO account takeover in Capgo before 12.128.2 allows an attacker with enterprise org admin access and a mal
Authentication bypass in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets remote unauthenticated attackers mint arbitrary API keys by tamperin
Account pre-registration hijack in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets a remote unauthenticated attacker claim an account under a
Authentication bypass in Capgo prior to version 12.128.2 lets attackers defeat email-based OTP verification by tampering
Rate-limit bypass in Capgo versions prior to 12.128.2 lets remote unauthenticated attackers flood the channel_self endpo
Cross-tenant data poisoning in Supabase Capgo before 12.128.2 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to corrupt billing
Server-side privilege escalation in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets authenticated users holding build permissions abuse a pat
Unauthenticated information disclosure in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets remote attackers query the /functions/v1/channel_se
Account takeover in Capgo before 12.128.2 stems from a password-change endpoint that omits current-password validation (
Information disclosure in Capgo (Capacitor live-update/OTA platform) before 12.128.2 lets unauthenticated callers abuse
Unauthenticated information disclosure in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets remote attackers read organization RBAC role bindin
Cross-tenant authorization bypass in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets authenticated users impersonate another tenant's limited
EUVD-2026-40438
GHSA-443m-f58x-jx9j
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB