EUVD-2026-42693
GHSA-vq2f-vcc9-j8mv
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Attacker must be able to submit a template (PR:L) to a network-reachable parser with a trivial payload (AC:L); impact is availability-only (A:H, C:N/I:N) with no scope change.
Primary rating from Vendor (https://github.com/jg-rp/liquid).
CVSS VectorVendor: https://github.com/jg-rp/liquid
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
6DescriptionCVE.org
Impact
Given a malformed {% case %} tag without associated {% when %} or {% else %} block, and no terminating {% endcase %} tag, Python Liquid hangs in an infinite loop at parse time. This allows malicious template authors to craft templates for a denial of service attack.
Patches
The issue is fixed in version 2.2.1 with the correction of the liquid.TokenStream.eof attribute. The kind and value of the special EOF token are now the same, so either can be tested against liquid.token.TOKEN_EOF.
Workarounds
Manually correct the definition of liquid.TokenStream.eof before parsing any templates.
import liquid
from liquid.token import TOKEN_EOF
liquid.stream.TokenStream.eof = liquid.Token(TOKEN_EOF, TOKEN_EOF, -1, "")
# ...AnalysisAI
{% case %} tag that has no {% when %}, {% else %}, or closing {% endcase %}. Because the loop occurs at parse time, any application that renders untrusted or user-supplied Liquid templates can be frozen with a payload as small as {% case x %}. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires that the target application parse a Liquid template that the attacker can control, using python-liquid before 2.2.1, and that the template contain a malformed `{% case %}` tag lacking any `{% when %}`/`{% else %}` branch and a closing `{% endcase %}` (e.g., `{% case x %}`). … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The vendor CVSS 4.0 vector (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H, score 7.1) captures the profile well: network-reachable, low complexity, low privileges required (the actor must be able to submit a template), no user interaction, and impact limited to high availability loss with zero confidentiality or integrity effect. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | A web application lets tenants define custom Liquid templates for notifications or reports and renders them with python-liquid < 2.2.1. An attacker with a low-privilege account saves the template `{% case x %}` with no `{% when %}`/`{% endcase %}`; when the server parses it, the worker thread pins CPU and hangs indefinitely, and repeating this across workers exhausts the request pool and denies service. … |
| Remediation | Vendor-released patch: upgrade python-liquid to version 2.2.1 or later (release https://github.com/jg-rp/liquid/releases/tag/v2.2.1, fix commit 26db8931cf35e8433c1ca506fc32c3bb62f743d4), which makes the malformed `{% case %}` template raise a `LiquidSyntaxError` instead of looping. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours: Identify all systems and applications using Liquid template engine; cross-reference with asset inventory and prioritize those processing untrusted template input. …
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today