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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain low-privileged local session
  2. Delivery
    Open handle to Bluetooth Service IPC
  3. Exploit
    Trigger use-after-free in bthserv
  4. Execution
    Reclaim freed object with controlled data
  5. Persist
    Hijack execution as SYSTEM
  6. Impact
    Disable defenses and persist

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Memory lifecycle management
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires local code execution on the target Windows host as an authenticated low-privileged user (CVSS PR:L) able to reach the Bluetooth Service's local IPC interfaces, and the Bluetooth Support Service (bthserv) must be running on the host - which is the default on most Windows client SKUs but is often disabled on Windows Server and on hardened endpoints without Bluetooth radios. No user interaction by another principal is required (UI:N), the attack is purely local (AV:L) so network-only adversaries cannot reach it, and scope is unchanged (S:U) so impact is bounded to the local host. Hosts where bthserv is disabled, removed, or blocked by policy are not exploitable.

Impact

The CVSS vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H confirms local attack vector with low complexity and low-privilege authenticated access, with no scope change but high CIA impact - typical of a SYSTEM-level EoP. There is no EPSS, KEV, or SSVC data in the provided inputs, and no POC is referenced, so exploitation is best characterized as 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' For prioritization, this is a meaningful but not emergency-level issue on multi-user endpoints, terminal/RDP hosts, and shared workstations where a low-privileged user could chain it for SYSTEM; on single-user, fully patched developer laptops the practical risk is lower. Notably, the tag set includes 'Denial Of Service' alongside 'Use After Free / Memory Corruption,' which is consistent with CVSS A:H and suggests reliable crashes may precede reliable code-execution exploitation.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A low-privileged user who has obtained an interactive or remote session on a Windows host (for example via phishing, an RDP foothold, or a kiosk account) issues crafted IPC requests to the Bluetooth Service to trigger the use-after-free, sprays the heap to control the reclaimed allocation, and pivots execution to gain SYSTEM. From SYSTEM the attacker disables endpoint protection, harvests credentials from LSASS, and moves laterally. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, but the bug class is well-understood and historically weaponizable.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jun 09, 2026

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Bluetooth Service stems from a use-after-free condition (CWE-416) that an authenticated low-privilege user can trigger to gain elevated rights on the host. The CVSS 7.8 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) reflects a fully local attack with high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. The flaw was reported by Microsoft (secure@microsoft.com) and tracked in the MSRC update guide.

RemediationAI

Apply the Microsoft security update referenced on the MSRC advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-45605 for each affected Windows edition and build - exact fixed build numbers are published per-SKU in that advisory and should be cited as the patch of record. As a compensating control on hosts where patching must be delayed, disable the Bluetooth Support Service (bthserv) via 'sc config bthserv start= disabled' and stop the service, which removes the vulnerable attack surface but breaks all Bluetooth peripheral functionality (keyboards, mice, audio, file transfer). On endpoints that do not require Bluetooth, disable the radio at the hardware/UEFI level or via Group Policy ('Allow Bluetooth' set to Disabled) to prevent the service from being reactivated; restricting interactive and remote logon (e.g., RDP) to trusted users on shared hosts further reduces the population of attackers able to call the local interface.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7417
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5256
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.8655
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9234
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32995
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7417
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8880
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32995
Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9234
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8880
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.8655
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.2269
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8880
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9234
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.7219

Affected Packages

microsoft windows_10_version_1607_10_0_14393_9234 fix: Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.14393.9234, Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 10.0.14393.9234
microsoft windows_10_version_1809_10_0_17763_8880 fix: Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.8880, Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 10.0.17763.8880
microsoft windows_10_version_21h2_10_0_19044_7417 fix: Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19044.7417, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7417, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7417
microsoft windows_10_version_22h2_10_0_19045_7417 fix: Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19045.7417, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7417, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7417
microsoft windows_11_version_23h2_10_0_22631_7219 fix: Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.22631.7219, Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.22631.7219
microsoft windows_11_version_24h2_10_0_26100_8655 fix: Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26100.8655, Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26100.8655
microsoft windows_11_version_25h2_10_0_26200_8655 fix: Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8655, Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8655
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_2269 fix: Windows 11 Version 26H1 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.28000.2269, Windows 11 version 26H1 for x64-based Systems 10.0.28000.2269
microsoft windows_server_2016_10_0_14393_9234 fix: Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.9234, Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.9234
microsoft windows_server_2019_10_0_17763_8880 fix: Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.8880, Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.8880
microsoft windows_server_2022_10_0_20348_5256 fix: Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.5256, Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) 10.0.20348.5256
microsoft windows_server_2025_10_0_26100_32995 fix: Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.32995, Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.32995
euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9234
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.8880
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7417
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7417
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.7219
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.8655
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.8655
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.2269
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9234
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9234
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.8880
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.8880
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5256
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.32995
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.32995

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 27 packages in microsoft, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The Windows Bluetooth Service (bthserv) is a system-level Windows component responsible for managing Bluetooth radios, pairing, and protocol stack interactions; it typically runs with SYSTEM-level privileges and exposes IPC surfaces (RPC/COM/IOCTL) to lower-privileged callers. CWE-416 (Use After Free) indicates the service references a heap object after it has been deallocated, allowing the freed memory to be re-allocated and controlled by the attacker before the dangling pointer is dereferenced. Because the service operates in a higher trust boundary than the caller, controlling the freed object's contents can corrupt function pointers or vtables and pivot execution into attacker-supplied data, resulting in arbitrary code execution in the service's context.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CIRCL (temporal) 6.8 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Jun 09, 2026 - 19:03 EUVD
CVE Published
Jun 09, 2026 - 17:17 nvd
HIGH 7.8

DescriptionCVE.org

Use after free in Windows Bluetooth Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A local privilege escalation vulnerability in the Windows Bluetooth Service (CVE-2026-45605) allows authenticated users to elevate to system-level rights, enabling complete compromise of affected systems. Organizations operating Windows infrastructure with Bluetooth enabled face immediate risk of unauthorized access, data theft, and operational disruption, as any logged-in user can exploit this flaw to bypass security controls and access sensitive resources.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: Disable Windows Bluetooth Service on non-essential systems; enforce Group Policy device installation restrictions for Bluetooth devices; implement application whitelisting to prevent use-after-free exploitation; audit and strengthen local user account privileges; enable security event logging for Bluetooth Service and privilege escalation attempts; isolate affected systems on network segments with restricted lateral movement.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 81% exploitable
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to access memory through a pointer after that memory has been deallocated.

Memory corruption occurs when a program writes data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory regions or accesses memory in unintended ways, violating the integrity of the process's address space.

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