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Linux Kernel CVE-2026-43338

| EUVDEUVD-2026-28622 MEDIUM
2026-05-08 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67 GHSA-5h67-3fpf-pw2r
5.5
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Recon
    Gain local authenticated access
  2. Delivery
    Enable btrfs quotas if disabled
  3. Exploit
    Fill filesystem near capacity
  4. Install
    Mass-create quota groups via ioctl
  5. C2
    Trigger transaction commit
  6. Execute
    Force delayed ref processing failure
  7. Impact
    Abort filesystem transaction
  8. Step 8
    Deny service availability

Vulnerability Assessment

Exploitation Conditions

Requires local authenticated access with privileges to execute btrfs quota management ioctls (typically root or users in disk/admin groups). Btrfs quota functionality must be enabled on the target filesystem via 'btrfs quota enable' command. Exploitation succeeds primarily when filesystem approaches capacity (typically >80% full), creating contention for metadata space and global block reserve. The vulnerability manifests most reliably with mass quota group creation operations (hundreds to thousands of qgroups), though exact threshold depends on available metadata space and existing filesystem load. Does not affect systems using ext4, xfs, or other non-btrfs filesystems. Does not affect btrfs systems with quotas disabled (default configuration on many distributions). Attack complexity is low per CVSS AC:L as the trigger mechanism is straightforward once prerequisites are met, but realistic exploitation requires administrative access and specific btrfs configuration that limits practical threat surface.

Impact

Real-world risk is moderate despite CVSS 5.5 (High severity). The CVSS vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N indicates local authenticated access with low complexity, meaning any local user with quota management permissions can trigger this condition. However, EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests minimal observed exploitation interest. No KEV listing or public POC exists, indicating this is not actively exploited. The reproducer requires creating 400,000 qgroups on a space-constrained filesystem - an artificial scenario unlikely in production environments where administrators would monitor disk usage and quota group proliferation. The primary impact is availability (A:H) through filesystem transaction abort requiring remount, not confidentiality or integrity compromise. This is fundamentally a stability/reliability bug affecting edge-case configurations rather than a classical security vulnerability enabling privilege escalation or data exfiltration. Priority should be moderate for systems using btrfs with active quota group management, low for systems without qgroups enabled.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

Local authenticated administrator with btrfs quota management permissions fills a btrfs filesystem to near capacity (e.g., 90% utilized), then programmatically creates tens of thousands of quota groups through repeated 'btrfs qgroup create' ioctl calls. Each operation generates metadata updates without proper transaction space reservation. When the kernel commits transactions and processes accumulated delayed references, the unreserved space demand exceeds available metadata capacity and global block reserve limits, triggering -ENOSPC error in btrfs_run_delayed_refs. The filesystem aborts the transaction and becomes read-only or requires remount, causing denial of service for applications relying on that volume. No public POC exists, but the vulnerability description includes a working reproducer script demonstrating the issue.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – May 15, 2026

Transaction abort and denial of service in Linux kernel btrfs qgroup ioctls occurs when quota group operations fail to reserve transaction space for metadata updates and delayed references, resulting in -ENOSPC errors under filesystem pressure. Affected versions include mainline kernel through 6.19.x and stable branches 6.12.x and 6.18.x, with patches available in 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. Local authenticated users can trigger filesystem unavailability through qgroup operations. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%), no active exploitation confirmed, and this represents a stability issue rather than a direct security compromise, though availability impact is high per CVSS 5.5 score.

RemediationAI

Upgrade to patched kernel versions: 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, or 7.0 stable release. Patches available from kernel.org stable tree at https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f9a4e3015db1aeafbef407650eb8555445ca943e (mainline), https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/386f5e16a383101a68e195c806b4eedb233cd1d3 (6.19.x), https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf930a651eef6f8d915bf0ccd60c2045974f870c (6.18.x), and https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb6eb33c908edbbb4d92abdc0c6c87f21b4952e8 (6.12.x). Until patching, implement workarounds: disable btrfs quota functionality with 'btrfs quota disable' if not required for space management (eliminates attack vector but removes quota enforcement capability); maintain adequate free space on btrfs filesystems (20%+ recommended) to prevent near-ENOSPC conditions where global reserve contention occurs; limit quota group creation through administrative controls to prevent excessive qgroup proliferation that stresses metadata reservation system. Monitor filesystem space with 'btrfs filesystem usage' and kernel logs for transaction abort warnings. Note that disabling quotas prevents subvolume space accounting and may impact backup strategies relying on qgroup limits.

Affected VersionsENISA

Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <bb6eb33c908edbbb4d92abdc0c6c87f21b4952e8
Linux patch: 6.12.81
Linux patch: 6.19.12
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <cf930a651eef6f8d915bf0ccd60c2045974f870c
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <386f5e16a383101a68e195c806b4eedb233cd1d3
Linux patch: 7.0
Linux patch: 6.18.22
Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <f9a4e3015db1aeafbef407650eb8555445ca943e

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Btrfs (B-tree filesystem) uses qgroups (quota groups) for space accounting and limitations. The vulnerability exists in the transaction space reservation mechanism for qgroup ioctls. Normally, btrfs operations reserve metadata space before modifying trees, but qgroup ioctls perform only transaction joins without reserving space for quota tree updates or delayed references (deferred metadata operations). The quota root relies on the global block reserve, which serves as emergency space for critical operations. Under filesystem pressure when approaching -ENOSPC (no space), the combination of unreserved qgroup operations generating delayed refs and competing demands for the global reserve causes transaction abort with error -28 (ENOSPC). The affected code path is in fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c at btrfs_run_delayed_refs, triggered during transaction commit when delayed references execute.

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SUSE MEDIUM
Red Hat 5.5 LOW

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
May 15, 2026 - 20:07 NVD
5.5 (MEDIUM)
Patch available
May 08, 2026 - 15:02 EUVD
CVE Published
May 08, 2026 - 14:16 nvd
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)

DescriptionNVD

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: reserve enough transaction items for qgroup ioctls

Currently our qgroup ioctls don't reserve any space, they just do a transaction join, which does not reserve any space, neither for the quota tree updates nor for the delayed refs generated when updating the quota tree. The quota root uses the global block reserve, which is fine most of the time since we don't expect a lot of updates to the quota root, or to be too close to -ENOSPC such that other critical metadata updates need to resort to the global reserve.

However this is not optimal, as not reserving proper space may result in a transaction abort due to not reserving space for delayed refs and then abusing the use of the global block reserve.

For example, the following reproducer (which is unlikely to model any real world use case, but just to illustrate the problem), triggers such a transaction abort due to -ENOSPC when running delayed refs:

$ cat test.sh #!/bin/bash

DEV=/dev/nullb0 MNT=/mnt/nullb0

umount $DEV &> /dev/null

Limit device to 1G so that it's much faster to reproduce the issue.

mkfs.btrfs -f -b 1G $DEV mount -o commit=600 $DEV $MNT

fallocate -l 800M $MNT/filler btrfs quota enable $MNT

for ((i = 1; i <= 400000; i++)); do btrfs qgroup create 1/$i $MNT done

umount $MNT

When running this, we can see in dmesg/syslog that a transaction abort happened:

[436.490] BTRFS error (device nullb0): failed to run delayed ref for logical 30408704 num_bytes 16384 type 176 action 1 ref_mod 1: -28 [436.493] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [436.494] BTRFS: Transaction aborted (error -28) [436.495] WARNING: fs/btrfs/extent-tree.c:2247 at btrfs_run_delayed_refs+0xd9/0x110 [btrfs], CPU#4: umount/2495372 [436.497] Modules linked in: btrfs loop (...) [436.508] CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 2495372 Comm: umount Tainted: G W 6.19.0-rc8-btrfs-next-225+ #1 PREEMPT(full) [436.510] Tainted: [W]=WARN [436.511] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.2-0-gea1b7a073390-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [436.513] RIP: 0010:btrfs_run_delayed_refs+0xdf/0x110 [btrfs] [436.514] Code: 0f 82 ea (...) [436.518] RSP: 0018:ffffd511850b7d78 EFLAGS: 00010292 [436.519] RAX: 00000000ffffffe4 RBX: ffff8f120dad37e0 RCX: 0000000002040001 [436.520] RDX: 0000000000000002 RSI: 00000000ffffffe4 RDI: ffffffffc090fd80 [436.522] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffffffc04d1867 [436.523] R10: ffff8f18dc1fffa8 R11: 0000000000000003 R12: ffff8f173aa89400 [436.524] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff8f173aa89400 R15: 0000000000000000 [436.526] FS: 00007fe59045d840(0000) GS:ffff8f192e22e000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [436.527] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [436.528] CR2: 00007fe5905ff2b0 CR3: 000000060710a002 CR4: 0000000000370ef0 [436.530] Call Trace: [436.530] <TASK> [436.530] btrfs_commit_transaction+0x73/0xc00 [btrfs] [436.531] ? btrfs_attach_transaction_barrier+0x1e/0x70 [btrfs] [436.532] sync_filesystem+0x7a/0x90 [436.533] generic_shutdown_super+0x28/0x180 [436.533] kill_anon_super+0x12/0x40 [436.534] btrfs_kill_super+0x12/0x20 [btrfs] [436.534] deactivate_locked_super+0x2f/0xb0 [436.534] cleanup_mnt+0xea/0x180 [436.535] task_work_run+0x58/0xa0 [436.535] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0xed/0x480 [436.536] ? __x64_sys_umount+0x68/0x80 [436.536] do_syscall_64+0x2a5/0xf20 [436.537] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [436.537] RIP: 0033:0x7fe5906b6217 [436.538] Code: 0d 00 f7 (...) [436.540] RSP: 002b:00007ffcd87a61f8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a6 [436.541] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00005618b9ecadc8 RCX: 00007fe5906b6217 [436.541] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 00005618b9ecb100 [436.542] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 00007ffcd87a4fe0 R09: 00000000ffffffff [436.544] R10: 0000000000000103 R11: ---truncated---

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 95% exploitable
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

28
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7 Fixed

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