Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessProxy configured with multiple outbound client certs
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DeliveryEstablish TLS session authenticated with cert A
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ExploitSession pooled under default sharing policy
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ExecutionNew transaction expects cert B
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PersistReused session presents cert A identity
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ImpactOrigin honors wrong authentication, access boundary crossed
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V12 - Secure Communication Certificate validation
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| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires Apache Traffic Server to be configured to present client certificates on OUTBOUND (origin-facing) TLS connections and to use MORE THAN ONE distinct client certificate across transactions, while the default outbound session-sharing/pooling policy remains enabled - this is the exact condition under which a pooled session authenticated with one client certificate is reused for a transaction meant to present a different one. Deployments that do not use outbound client-certificate (mutual TLS) authentication, or that use a single client identity, or that disable session sharing, are NOT affected. Triggering the wrong reuse depends on session-pool state and timing rather than a directly attacker-injected payload, which limits deterministic exploitation. Affected versions are 9.0.0 through 9.2.15, 10.0.0 through 10.1.4, and 10.2.0. |
| Impact | The input assigns a CVSS 3.1 base score of 10.0 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N), which is the maximum severity and reflects a network, low-complexity, unauthenticated vector with a scope change. However, these signals should be weighed against the actual mechanism described: the flaw is not a classic remote code or data-theft primitive but a TLS outbound session-sharing defect (CWE-295) in which a pooled upstream session authenticated with one client certificate may be reused for a transaction that was configured to present a different client certificate. This is fundamentally an authentication/access-control confusion issue against ORIGIN servers, and it only manifests when Apache Traffic Server is deployed as a proxy performing mutual-TLS (client-certificate) authentication to upstreams with more than one distinct client identity. No EPSS probability, CISA KEV listing, SSVC decision, or public POC is present in the provided data, so there is no evidence of active exploitation or weaponization - exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' The 10.0 / AC:L rating therefore likely overstates real-world risk for most deployments: the dangerous condition is config-dependent (outbound client certs + default session pooling), and triggering the wrong-certificate reuse depends on pooled session timing rather than a reliable attacker-controlled input, which argues for higher attack complexity than AC:L implies. Verify the exact preconditions with the Apache advisory before treating this as broadly network-exploitable. Net: a genuine priority for the specific population of ATS operators using outbound mTLS, but closer to a low-likelihood/high-impact targeted issue than a mass-exploitable 10.0 for the general ATS user base. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An organization runs Apache Traffic Server as a forward/reverse proxy that authenticates to multiple backend origins using different client certificates, with the default outbound session-sharing policy enabled. Because ATS may reuse a pooled TLS session established with client-certificate A for a later transaction that should have presented client-certificate B, a transaction can reach an origin authenticated as the wrong identity, bypassing the intended per-transaction mTLS separation and potentially accessing data or actions authorized only for a different certificate. No public exploit code is identified in the provided data, and exploitation hinges on session-pool timing rather than a directly attacker-supplied payload. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 21, 2026
TLS client-certificate cross-contamination in Apache Traffic Server 9.0.0 through 9.2.15, 10.0.0 through 10.1.4, and 10.2.0 lets an outbound (origin-facing) transaction configured to present one client certificate instead reuse a pooled TLS session that was authenticated with a different client certificate, so the origin may see, authorize, and log the wrong client identity. The issue only manifests where ATS is configured for outbound mutual TLS with more than one distinct client certificate while the default outbound session-sharing/pooling policy is left enabled; deployments without outbound client certificates, with a single client identity, or with session sharing disabled are not affected. Apache assigned the maximum CVSS 3.1 score of 10.0, while this assessment scores it AV:N/AC:H because triggering the wrong reuse depends on session-pool state and timing rather than an attacker-injected payload; no public exploit code and no confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV) were identified at time of analysis. Vendor-released patches exist in 9.2.16, 10.1.5, and 10.2.1.
RemediationAI
Upgrade to a fixed release: Apache Traffic Server 9.2.16, 10.1.5, or 10.2.1, as directed by the vendor advisory at https://lists.apache.org/thread/r95dq29ywcd1f4x30snxlqmb12z4s4kc; there is no vendor-released patch for 9.0.0-9.2.15, 10.0.0-10.1.4, or 10.2.0 themselves, so an in-place version bump is required. If an immediate upgrade is not possible, disable outbound TLS session sharing/pooling so every origin connection performs a full handshake and the client certificate is renegotiated per transaction - the trade-off is a higher handshake rate, added TLS CPU cost on ATS, and increased latency and load on origin servers. A second compensating control is to collapse each ATS instance to a single outbound client-certificate identity (or split multi-identity workloads across separate ATS instances or listeners), which removes the cross-identity scenario but adds operational and configuration-management overhead and may conflict with existing multi-tenant designs. Deployments that cannot do either should treat origin-side trust as unreliable: review origin logs and authorization decisions for mismatched client identities during the exposure window, and, where the origin supports it, enforce per-client authorization on a channel-binding or per-connection identity check rather than on the resumed session. Restricting outbound access to origins that do not perform identity-based authorization reduces the blast radius but does not fix the underlying defect. After upgrading, confirm that session sharing behaves as expected before re-enabling pooled multi-identity outbound mTLS.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
Apache Traffic Server is a caching forward/reverse proxy that also acts as a TLS origin client, and its outbound TLS layer maintains a shared pool of resumable sessions (session IDs and/or session tickets) so that later connections to the same origin can skip a full handshake. The defect is classified CWE-295 (Improper Certificate Validation): the session-pool lookup key does not adequately bind a cached session to the client certificate (and associated private key/identity) that authenticated it, so a session established under certificate A can satisfy a transaction whose outbound TLS configuration specifies certificate B. Because TLS session resumption bypasses the certificate selection and full-handshake authentication path entirely, the origin receives a connection that is cryptographically valid but attributed to the wrong client identity. The scope-change component of the CVSS vector (S:C) reflects that the consequence lands outside ATS itself - in the origin server's authentication, authorization, and audit decisions - with high confidentiality and integrity impact if the origin grants per-client privileges or serves per-client content. This assessment treats attack complexity as High rather than Low: the misbinding is a race against pool state and requires a multi-identity outbound mTLS configuration, so it is a latent trust-boundary defect rather than a directly controllable primitive. CPE data (cpe:2.3:a:apache_software_foundation:apache_traffic_server) is version-wildcarded and does not itself pin the affected ranges, which are taken from the vendor advisory.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N
Network-facing proxy flaw (AV:N) but reliant on session-pool timing and a non-default-worthy mTLS config, so AC:H; scope change affects origin authentication (S:C) with confidentiality/integrity impact, no availability effect.
Primary rating from Vendor (apache).
CVSS VectorVendor: apache
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Apache Traffic Server's default outbound session-sharing policy can reuse a pooled TLS session authenticated with one client certificate for a transaction configured to present a different one.
This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 9.0.0 through 9.2.15, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.4, 10.2.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.16, 10.1.5, or 10.2.1, which fix the issue.
Executive ViewAI
Apache Traffic Server's outbound mutual-TLS session pooling can cause an origin-facing transaction to present the wrong client certificate, leading origin systems to authorize and log an unintended service identity. This matters for organizations running affected ATS releases with multiple outbound client certificates and default session sharing, because identity-assurance failures can bypass per-client access controls and corrupt audit records. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: disable outbound TLS session sharing/pooling on ATS deployments using multiple client certificates; reduce each ATS instance to a single outbound client identity where operationally feasible; segregate origins by client certificate identity; monitor origin authorization and audit logs for mismatched client identities; restrict changes to outbound mTLS configuration until a patched ATS release is available.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
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EUVD-2026-107499
GHSA-h7pm-58x7-4q68
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
VulDB
Exploit-DB