EUVD-2026-92103
GHSA-j55w-p4wc-frwh
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Pre-auth handlers on an identify-only session give PR:N/UI:N over the network at low complexity; MFA/phone overwrite yields I:H while enumeration gives only C:L and no availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
ZITADEL 3.x before 3.4.15 and 4.x before 4.17.1 contains a missing authentication flaw in the hosted Login V1 UI, whose second-factor enrollment and initialization handlers act on an identify-only session before any primary factor is verified. Attackers knowing only a victim's login name can enroll attacker-controlled TOTP, OTP-SMS, OTP-Email, or U2F factors, overwrite the verified phone number, and enumerate users through discrepant errors.
AnalysisAI
Unauthenticated remote attackers who know a valid user's login name can enroll attacker-controlled multi-factor authentication factors - including TOTP, OTP-SMS, OTP-Email, and U2F - and overwrite the victim's verified phone number in ZITADEL deployments that expose the legacy hosted Login V1 UI. Affected versions are 3.x before 3.4.15 and 4.x before 4.17.1. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation targets the hosted Login V1 UI specifically - the second-factor enrollment and initialization handlers operate on an 'identify-only' session before any primary factor (password) is verified. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | This is a genuine high-priority issue, not a CVSS-inflated paper risk. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | Full exploit scenario with step-by-step reproduction available after sign-in. |
| Remediation | Vendor-released patches are available: upgrade ZITADEL 3.x to 3.4.15 or later, and ZITADEL 4.x to 4.17.1 or later. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours, identify all ZITADEL installations and immediately disable or restrict access to the legacy hosted Login V1 UI, especially on versions 3.x before 3.4.15 and 4.x before 4.17.1; block external access to MFA enrollment and initialization endpoints, and review logs for anomalous second-factor enrollment or username enumeration attempts. …
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Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remot
ZITADEL is an identity infrastructure system. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable
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Same weakness CWE-287 – Improper Authentication
View allSame technique Authentication Bypass
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External POC / Exploit Code
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