Exam Form Submission
CVE-2025-8371
MEDIUM
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Network-reachable endpoint per description; no user interaction; PR:N per provided CVSS vector though admin-path placement is ambiguous; no availability impact evident from SQLi in a form field.
Primary rating from NVD.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability has been found in code-projects Exam Form Submission 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/update_s5.php. The manipulation of the argument credits leads to sql injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
AnalysisAI
SQL injection in code-projects Exam Form Submission 1.0 allows remote attackers to manipulate the backend database via the credits parameter in /admin/update_s5.php. The CVSS 4.0 vector assigns PR:N, though the admin-prefixed endpoint path introduces ambiguity about authentication enforcement. A publicly available proof-of-concept exploit exists on GitHub, though EPSS sits at just 0.07% (20th percentile), reflecting limited real-world interest likely tied to the product's narrow deployment footprint. No vendor patch has been identified at time of analysis.
Technical ContextAI
The affected product is a PHP-based exam form management application distributed by code-projects, a site offering small educational and demo PHP projects. The single confirmed affected version is 1.0, per CPE cpe:2.3:a:code-projects:exam_form_submission:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*. The vulnerability resides in the file /admin/update_s5.php, where user-supplied input to the credits parameter is incorporated into a SQL query without sanitization or parameterization. The root cause class is CWE-74 (Injection), which encompasses SQL injection as a subtype - the application fails to neutralize special elements before passing them to a downstream SQL interpreter. This is a classic unsanitized direct database query pattern common in small, unmaintained PHP applications that predate modern ORM or prepared-statement conventions.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch has been identified at time of analysis. The primary fix is to rewrite the query in /admin/update_s5.php to use prepared statements with parameterized inputs, replacing any direct interpolation of the credits value into the SQL string - this eliminates the injection point without side effects. As a compensating control, restrict access to the /admin/ directory at the web server or firewall level to only trusted IP ranges, which significantly reduces exposure if the admin panel should not be publicly reachable. Deploying a web application firewall (WAF) rule to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the credits parameter can provide an additional layer, though WAF bypasses are common and this should not substitute for code-level remediation. Given the product's likely unmaintained state, replacing it with a supported alternative is advisable for production environments.
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