Exam Form Submission
CVE-2025-8249
MEDIUM
Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessRecon to locate Exam Form Submission instance
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ExploitSend crafted HTTP request to /admin/update_s3.php with SQL payload in 'credits'
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ExecutionSQL injection executed
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ImpactExtract or manipulate database contents
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Input neutralization, injection prevention
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| Exploitation Conditions | No special conditions - remote unauthenticated exploitation against default configurations of Exam Form Submission 1.0. The vulnerable /admin/update_s3.php endpoint is accessible without authentication (CVSS PR:N). No user interaction is required; simply being network‑accessible with the application deployed enables exploitation. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) indicates a network‑accessible, low‑complexity attack with no privileges or user interaction, causing low impacts to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Despite this accessibility, the EPSS score of 0.09% suggests minimal real‑world exploitation likelihood. No active exploitation is confirmed (not listed in CISA KEV), and the product’s niche market further limits risk. Public exploit availability lowers the bar for attack attempts, but the overall real‑world priority is low. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to the /admin/update_s3.php endpoint containing a malicious SQL payload in the 'credits' parameter. The backend receives and executes the injected SQL, potentially enabling data extraction or unauthorized database modifications, assuming the application is accessible over the network with default settings. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jul 26, 2026
SQL injection in code-projects Exam Form Submission 1.0 via the 'credits' parameter of /admin/update_s3.php enables remote attackers to interact with the backend database without authentication. A public exploit exists but no active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been reported; EPSS probability is very low at 0.09%. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 5.5 reflects low-impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromises.
RemediationAI
No vendor‑released patch has been identified. The official project page (code-projects.org) does not list a fix. As a temporary mitigation, restrict network access to /admin/update_s3.php (e.g., IP allow‑listing) or apply input validation and parameterized queries to the 'credits' parameter. Monitor the GitHub issue (https://github.com/Dingzenggonpo/cve/issues/2) or VulDB entry (https://vuldb.com/?id.317837) for updates. Disabling the vulnerable endpoint may disrupt administrative functionality.
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability resides in a PHP web application (Exam Form Submission 1.0 from code-projects) and involves improper neutralization of special elements in SQL commands (CWE-89, though tagged as CWE-74). Attackers can inject SQL payloads through the 'credits' parameter processed by the admin script /admin/update_s3.php. The affected product is precisely identified by CPE cpe:2.3:a:code-projects:exam_form_submission:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Network-accessible, no privileges or interaction; low impact due to limited application scope and data sensitivity.
Primary rating from NVD.
CVSS VectorNVD
DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in code-projects Exam Form Submission 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/update_s3.php. The manipulation of the argument credits leads to sql injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Threat Intelligence Overview
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
GitHub
VulDB
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.
Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org
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Exploit-DB