Exam Form Submission
CVE-2025-8328
MEDIUM
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Unauthenticated network-accessible endpoint with no user interaction; scope unchanged and all impacts limited to Low given constrained database permissions implied by CVSS 4.0 VC/VI/VA:L ratings.
Primary rating from NVD.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in code-projects Exam Form Submission 1.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /register.php. The manipulation of the argument USN leads to sql injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Other parameters might be affected as well.
AnalysisAI
SQL injection in code-projects Exam Form Submission 1.0 exposes the unauthenticated /register.php registration endpoint to database manipulation via the unsanitized USN parameter. Any network-accessible deployment is vulnerable to unauthenticated remote exploitation - no credentials or special configuration are required. A public proof-of-concept exploit is available on GitHub; however, EPSS at 0.07% (20th percentile) indicates no observed widespread automated exploitation at time of analysis, and no CISA KEV listing exists.
Technical ContextAI
The affected product is a PHP-based web application distributed by code-projects for educational or demonstration purposes, confirmed at version 1.0 via CPE cpe:2.3:a:code-projects:exam_form_submission:1.0. The root cause is CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component - Injection), manifesting as SQL injection: the /register.php script incorporates user-supplied input from the USN HTTP parameter directly into a SQL query without parameterization or sanitization. This allows an attacker to alter query logic. The vendor disclosure notes that other parameters in the same file may carry the same flaw, suggesting systemic absence of input validation rather than an isolated instance.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch has been identified at time of analysis. The primary fix is to replace direct SQL string concatenation in /register.php with parameterized queries or prepared statements (e.g., PDO with bound parameters in PHP), and to audit all other input-handling files for the same pattern given the vendor note that additional parameters may be affected. As an immediate compensating control, restrict public access to /register.php via IP allowlisting or HTTP authentication if open registration is not operationally required - this eliminates the unauthenticated attack surface without requiring code changes, at the cost of restricting legitimate registrations. Deploying a WAF rule targeting SQL injection patterns against the /register.php endpoint provides additional defense-in-depth but should not be treated as a substitute for code-level remediation. Given that this is an educational demo project from code-projects.org with no formal security maintenance, organizations should evaluate whether deployment in any network-accessible environment is appropriate. Reference: https://vuldb.com/?id.318278 and exploit PoC at https://github.com/1lusanbao9/cve/issues/1.
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