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GNU Binutils CVE-2025-7545

| EUVDEUVD-2025-21278 LOW
Buffer Overflow (CWE-119)
2025-07-13 cna@vuldb.com
Buffer Overflow Binutils Gnu
1.9
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: vuldb
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain local low-privilege access
  2. Delivery
    Craft a malicious ELF binary
  3. Exploit
    Execute objcopy on the crafted file
  4. Execution
    Trigger heap buffer overflow in copy_section
  5. Persist
    Corrupt memory
  6. Impact
    Achieve limited information disclosure, integrity violation, or denial of service.

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-119
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, buffer size validation
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Exploitation Conditions

Local access to a system with objcopy (Binutils 2.45) and the ability to provide a specially crafted ELF file are required. No authentication beyond local low-privileged access; no user interaction. The vulnerability is in the copy_section function and is not remotely exploitable under default configurations.
Impact

CVSS 4.0 base score is 1.9 (low) with a local attack vector, low privileges, and overall low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates a very low probability of exploitation in the wild. No active exploitation reported in CISA KEV. The public availability of exploit code (reflected in CVSS temporal metric E:P) does not alter the fundamental low risk due to required local access and limited impact. The risk remains low priority unless objcopy is exposed in a high-assurance build pipeline processing untrusted input.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A local user with low privileges crafts a malicious ELF file and runs objcopy on it, triggering the heap overflow. This can lead to memory corruption, potentially leaking sensitive data, modifying process memory, or crashing the tool. Public exploit code exists but requires local execution.
Monitor Track and reassess. Why: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv2 – Jul 26, 2026

Heap-based buffer overflow in GNU Binutils objcopy via the copy_section function allows local attackers with low privileges to corrupt memory. Affected version 2.45; public exploit disclosed but EPSS score indicates very low probability of widespread exploitation, and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Mar 16, 2026 - 09:18 CVSS 5.3

RemediationAI

Apply the upstream patch from sourceware git commit 08c3cbe5926e4d355b5cb70bbec2b1eeb40c2944. Ubuntu users should install the relevant USN updates. As a workaround, restrict local execution of objcopy on untrusted inputs, but the base risk is low and this mitigation is only needed in sensitive environments.

Affected VersionsENISA

Binutils 2.45

Affected Packages

euvd binutils no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The flaw resides in the copy_section function in binutils/objcopy.c, part of the GNU Binary Utilities used for manipulating object files. It is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-119) triggered when processing crafted ELF sections, leading to memory corruption. The affected CPE string confirms version 2.45 is vulnerable.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

Vendor (vuldb) PRIMARY 1.9 LOW
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
vuln.today AI 5.3 MEDIUM

Requires local low-privileged access and low attack complexity; impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is low.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Ubuntu MEDIUM
SUSE 4.3 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Red Hat 5.3 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (vuldb).

CVSS VectorVendor: vuldb

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

4
Severity Changed
Apr 29, 2026 - 01:11 NVD
MEDIUM LOW
CVSS changed
Apr 29, 2026 - 01:11 NVD
5.3 (MEDIUM) 1.9 (LOW)
Patch released
Mar 31, 2026 - 21:13 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Jul 13, 2025 - 22:15 nvd
MEDIUM 5.3

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in GNU Binutils 2.45. Affected by this vulnerability is the function copy_section of the file binutils/objcopy.c. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is named 08c3cbe5926e4d355b5cb70bbec2b1eeb40c2944. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using A vulnerability classified as problematic should be aware of moderate risk from CVE-2025-7545, a buffer overflow vulnerability rated CVSS 5.3. Exploitation could cause memory corruption or application crashes. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: restrict network access and enable monitoring.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 96% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
common in development toolchains across most Linux distributions
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity LOW
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
Low

Priority Score

10
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +10
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

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Same weakness CWE-119 – Buffer Overflow

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10.0
CVE-2017-11882 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2014-6332 HIGH POC
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CVE-2015-2426 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2013-3918 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2023-4966 HIGH POC
7.5
CVE-2017-11774 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2013-3660 HIGH POC
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Same technique Buffer Overflow

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CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2019-11043 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2009-0927 HIGH POC
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CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
8.8

Vendor StatusVendor

Ubuntu

Priority: Medium
binutils
Release Status Version
xenial released 2.26.1-1ubuntu1~16.04.8+esm12
upstream released 2.45-3
bionic released 2.30-21ubuntu1~18.04.9+esm5
jammy released 2.38-4ubuntu2.10
noble released 2.42-4ubuntu2.6
plucky released 2.44-3ubuntu1.1
focal released 2.34-6ubuntu1.11+esm1
trusty released 2.24-5ubuntu14.2+esm7
questing not-affected 2.45-6ubuntu1
USN-7718-1 USN-7847-1 USN-7899-1

Debian

binutils
Release Status Fixed Version Urgency
bullseye vulnerable 2.35.2-2 -
bookworm vulnerable 2.40-2 -
trixie vulnerable 2.44-3 -
forky, sid fixed 2.46-3 -
(unstable) fixed 2.45-3 unimportant

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
Container bci/spack:0.23.1-11.83 Container containers/open-webui:0.6.18-12.51 Container containers/pytorch:2.8.0-nvidia-3.18 Container containers/vllm-openai:0.9.1-3.40 Container suse/manager/5.0/x86_64/server:5.0.6.7.36.2 Container suse/multi-linux-manager/5.1/x86_64/server:5.1.1.1.8.10.2 Image SLES15-SP4-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-Hardened-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-Manager-Server-4-3-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAP Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAP-Hardened-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-SAPCAL Image SLES15-SP4-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-SAPCAL-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-SAPCAL-GCE Image SLES15-SP5-Azure-3P Image SLES15-SP5-Azure-Basic Image SLES15-SP5-Azure-Standard Image SLES15-SP5-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP5-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP5-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP5-EC2 Image SLES15-SP5-GCE Image SLES15-SP5-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP5-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP5-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-3P Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Hardened-Azure Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP5-SAP-Hardened-GCE Image SLES15-SP5-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES15-SP5-SAPCAL-EC2 Image SLES15-SP5-SAPCAL-GCE Image SLES15-SP6 Image SLES15-SP6-Azure-3P Image SLES15-SP6-Azure-Basic Image SLES15-SP6-Azure-Standard Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-EC2-ECS-HVM Image SLES15-SP6-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAP Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-3P Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Hardened Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Hardened-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Hardened-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Hardened-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Hardened-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-GCE Image SLES15-SP7-Azure-3P Image SLES15-SP7-Azure-Basic Image SLES15-SP7-Azure-Standard Image SLES15-SP7-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP7-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP7-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP7-EC2 Image SLES15-SP7-EC2-ECS-HVM Image SLES15-SP7-GCE Image SLES15-SP7-GCE-3P Image SLES15-SP7-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP7-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP7-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Azure Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Azure-3P Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Azure-LI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Azure-VLI-BYOS-Production Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-EC2 Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-GCE Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-GCE-3P Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Hardened-Azure Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP7-SAP-Hardened-GCE Image SLES15-SP7-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES15-SP7-SAPCAL-EC2 Image SLES15-SP7-SAPCAL-GCE Image ai_15_6 Image server-image Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/baremetal-os-container:2.2.0-4.31 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/base-os-container:2.2.0-4.31 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/kvm-os-container:2.2.0-4.37 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/rt-os-container:2.2.0-4.42 Image SL-Micro-Azure Image SL-Micro-BYOS-Azure Image SL-Micro-BYOS-EC2 Image SL-Micro-BYOS-GCE Image SL-Micro-EC2 Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-Azure Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-EC2 Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-GCE Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-Azure-llc Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-Azure-ltd Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-Azure Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-EC2 Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-GCE Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-EC2-llc Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-EC2-ltd Affected
Image SLES-Azure-3P Image SLES-Azure-Basic Image SLES-Azure-Standard Image SLES-BYOS-Azure Image SLES-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES-BYOS-GCE Image SLES-EC2 Image SLES-GCE Image SLES-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES-SAPCAL-EC2 Image SLES-SAPCAL-GCE Affected
Image SLES-SAP-Azure Image SLES-SAP-Azure-3P Image SLES-SAP-BYOS-Azure Image SLES-SAP-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES-SAP-BYOS-GCE Image SLES-SAP-GCE Affected
Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-BYOS Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-EC2 Image SLES15-SP4-HPC-GCE Affected

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7545 ADVISORY https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7718-1 ADVISORY https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7847-1 ADVISORY https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7899-1 ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:21195/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:21197/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:4096/ REF https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html REF https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html REF https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=16117 REF https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33049 REF https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33049#c1 REF https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=binutils-gdb.git;h=08c3cbe5926e4d355b5cb70bbec2b1eeb40c2944 REF https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.316243 REF https://vuldb.com/?id.316243 REF https://vuldb.com/?submit.614355 REF https://www.gnu.org/

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