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Linux Kernel CVE-2025-68174

HIGH
2025-12-16 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Information Disclosure Linux Red Hat Amd Suse
7.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
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Severity by source

Vendor (416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67) PRIMARY
7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI
4.7 MEDIUM

Local GPU-capable process (AV:L/PR:L), winning a teardown/partition-switch race is timing-dependent (AC:H), and the demonstrated impact is a kernel crash (A:H) with no confirmed C/I loss.

3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE
5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from Vendor (416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67).

CVSS VectorVendor: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Analysis Generated
Jul 30, 2026 - 07:28 vuln.today
CVE Published
Dec 16, 2025 - 14:15 cve.org
HIGH 7.8

DescriptionCVE.org

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

amd/amdkfd: enhance kfd process check in switch partition

current switch partition only check if kfd_processes_table is empty. kfd_prcesses_table entry is deleted in kfd_process_notifier_release, but kfd_process tear down is in kfd_process_wq_release.

consider two processes:

Process A (workqueue) -> kfd_process_wq_release -> Access kfd_node member Process B switch partition -> amdgpu_xcp_pre_partition_switch -> amdgpu_amdkfd_device_fini_sw -> kfd_node tear down.

Process A and B may trigger a race as shown in dmesg log.

This patch is to resolve the race by adding an atomic kfd_process counter kfd_processes_count, it increment as create kfd process, decrement as finish kfd_process_wq_release.

v2: Put kfd_processes_count per kfd_dev, move decrement to kfd_process_destroy_pdds and bug fix. (Philip Yang)

[3966658.307702] divide error: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI [3966658.350818] i10nm_edac [3966658.356318] CPU: 124 PID: 38435 Comm: kworker/124:0 Kdump: loaded Tainted [3966658.356890] Workqueue: kfd_process_wq kfd_process_wq_release [amdgpu] [3966658.362839] nfit [3966658.366457] RIP: 0010:kfd_get_num_sdma_engines+0x17/0x40 [amdgpu] [3966658.366460] Code: 00 00 e9 ac 81 02 00 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 8b 4f 08 48 8b b7 00 01 00 00 8b 81 58 26 03 00 99 <f7> be b8 01 00 00 80 b9 70 2e 00 00 00 74 0b 83 f8 02 ba 02 00 00 [3966658.380967] x86_pkg_temp_thermal [3966658.391529] RSP: 0018:ffffc900a0edfdd8 EFLAGS: 00010246 [3966658.391531] RAX: 0000000000000008 RBX: ffff8974e593b800 RCX: ffff888645900000 [3966658.391531] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff888129154400 RDI: ffff888129151c00 [3966658.391532] RBP: ffff8883ad79d400 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff8890d2750af4 [3966658.391532] R10: 0000000000000018 R11: 0000000000000018 R12: 0000000000000000 [3966658.391533] R13: ffff8883ad79d400 R14: ffffe87ff662ba00 R15: ffff8974e593b800 [3966658.391533] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88fe7f600000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [3966658.391534] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [3966658.391534] CR2: 0000000000d71000 CR3: 000000dd0e970004 CR4: 0000000002770ee0 [3966658.391535] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [3966658.391535] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe07f0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [3966658.391536] PKRU: 55555554 [3966658.391536] Call Trace: [3966658.391674] deallocate_sdma_queue+0x38/0xa0 [amdgpu] [3966658.391762] process_termination_cpsch+0x1ed/0x480 [amdgpu] [3966658.399754] intel_powerclamp [3966658.402831] kfd_process_dequeue_from_all_devices+0x5b/0xc0 [amdgpu] [3966658.402908] kfd_process_wq_release+0x1a/0x1a0 [amdgpu] [3966658.410516] coretemp [3966658.434016] process_one_work+0x1ad/0x380 [3966658.434021] worker_thread+0x49/0x310 [3966658.438963] kvm_intel [3966658.446041] ? process_one_work+0x380/0x380 [3966658.446045] kthread+0x118/0x140 [3966658.446047] ? __kthread_bind_mask+0x60/0x60 [3966658.446050] ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 [3966658.446053] Modules linked in: kpatch_20765354(OEK) [3966658.455310] kvm [3966658.464534] mptcp_diag xsk_diag raw_diag unix_diag af_packet_diag netlink_diag udp_diag act_pedit act_mirred act_vlan cls_flower kpatch_21951273(OEK) kpatch_18424469(OEK) kpatch_19749756(OEK) [3966658.473462] idxd_mdev [3966658.482306] kpatch_17971294(OEK) sch_ingress xt_conntrack amdgpu(OE) amdxcp(OE) amddrm_buddy(OE) amd_sched(OE) amdttm(OE) amdkcl(OE) intel_ifs iptable_mangle tcm_loop target_core_pscsi tcp_diag target_core_file inet_diag target_core_iblock target_core_user target_core_mod coldpgs kpatch_18383292(OEK) ip6table_nat ip6table_filter ip6_tables ip_set_hash_ipportip ip_set_hash_ipportnet ip_set_hash_ipport ip_set_bitmap_port xt_comment iptable_nat nf_nat iptable_filter ip_tables ip_set ip_vs_sh ip_vs_wrr ip_vs_rr ip_vs nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 sn_core_odd(OE) i40e overlay binfmt_misc tun bonding(OE) aisqos(OE) aisqo ---truncated---

AnalysisAI

Local denial-of-service (and potential memory corruption) in the AMD amdkfd (Kernel Fusion Driver) component of the Linux kernel arises from a race between GPU compute-partition switching and asynchronous KFD process teardown. Because the driver's partition-switch path only checks whether the kfd_processes_table is empty - while the actual kfd_process teardown runs later in the kfd_process_wq workqueue - a partition switch can free kfd_node structures still being accessed by an in-flight release, producing a divide-by-zero kernel oops (observed in kfd_get_num_sdma_engines). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is low (0.16%), and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Technical ContextAI

The affected code is the amdgpu/amdkfd driver stack (amdgpu kernel module) that implements ROCm/HSA compute for AMD GPUs, specifically the XCP (accelerator compute-partition) switching logic used on partitionable AMD data-center accelerators such as the Instinct MI-series. The root cause is a time-of-check/time-of-use race (CWE-362 race condition leading toward CWE-416 use-after-free): the kfd_processes_table hash entry is removed early in kfd_process_notifier_release, but the process's device resources are torn down later in kfd_process_wq_release. Process B's amdgpu_xcp_pre_partition_switch → amdgpu_amdkfd_device_fini_sw can therefore free the kfd_node while Process A's workqueue release path (kfd_process_dequeue_from_all_devices → deallocate_sdma_queue → kfd_get_num_sdma_engines) still dereferences it, dividing by a now-zero SDMA engine count. The upstream fix adds an atomic per-kfd_dev kfd_processes_count that increments on process creation and decrements only after teardown completes, so partition switch cannot proceed while a process release is still outstanding. Note the CWE was reported as N/A in the input.

Affected ProductsAI

The Linux kernel's amdgpu/amdkfd driver on systems using AMD GPU compute partition switching (XCP), i.e. partitionable AMD accelerators such as Instinct data-center GPUs. The input does not enumerate exact fixed kernel version tags; the fix is delivered via the mainline/stable git commits 45da20e00d5da842e17dfc633072b127504f0d0e and 536d80f660ec12058e461f4db387ea42bee9250d referenced on git.kernel.org. No CPE strings were provided in the intelligence, so precise affected version ranges could not be confirmed from the available data. Vendor references: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45da20e00d5da842e17dfc633072b127504f0d0e and https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/536d80f660ec12058e461f4db387ea42bee9250d.

RemediationAI

Upstream fix available (PR/commit); released patched version not independently confirmed - apply the stable-tree kernel update containing commits 45da20e00d5da842e17dfc633072b127504f0d0e and 536d80f660ec12058e461f4db387ea42bee9250d (which add the atomic kfd_processes_count guard), via your distribution's kernel package that backports these changes, then reboot. If you cannot immediately patch, the most effective compensating control is to avoid triggering the race: refrain from performing GPU compute-partition switches while KFD/ROCm compute workloads are running or tearing down, and serialize partition reconfiguration to maintenance windows with no active kfd processes - the trade-off is reduced operational flexibility for dynamic partitioning. On hosts that do not require partition switching, leaving the partition mode static removes the vulnerable path entirely at the cost of losing dynamic reconfiguration. Restrict which local users/containers can access the /dev/kfd and DRM render nodes to trusted compute workloads to reduce who can drive the race. Advisories: https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45da20e00d5da842e17dfc633072b127504f0d0e, https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/536d80f660ec12058e461f4db387ea42bee9250d.

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Moderate
Product Status
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/baremetal-os-container:latest Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/toolbox:latest Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/base-os-container:2.1.3-7.95 Image SL-Micro Image SLE-Micro Image SLE-Micro-Azure Image SLE-Micro-BYOS Image SLE-Micro-BYOS-Azure Image SLE-Micro-BYOS-EC2 Image SLE-Micro-BYOS-GCE Image SLE-Micro-EC2 Image SLE-Micro-GCE Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/kvm-os-container:2.1.3-6.115 Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/rt-os-container:2.1.3-7.146 Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/base-os-container:2.2.1-5.80 Image SL-Micro-Azure Image SL-Micro-BYOS-Azure Image SL-Micro-BYOS-EC2 Image SL-Micro-BYOS-GCE Image SL-Micro-EC2 Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-Azure Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-EC2 Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Proxy-BYOS-GCE Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-Azure-llc Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-Azure-ltd Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-Azure Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-EC2 Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-BYOS-GCE Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-EC2-llc Image SUSE-Multi-Linux-Manager-Server-EC2-ltd Affected

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CVE-2025-68174 vulnerability details – vuln.today
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