Oracle Java SE CVE-2025-61748
LOWCVSS VectorNVD
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionNVD
Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: Libraries). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 21.0.8 and 25; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 21.0.8; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.15. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability can be exploited by using APIs in the specified Component, e.g., through a web service which supplies data to the APIs. This vulnerability also applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.7 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).
AnalysisAI
Unauthorized data modification in Oracle Java SE, GraalVM for JDK, and GraalVM Enterprise Edition allows remote unauthenticated attackers to alter sensitive data through APIs and multiple protocols via difficult-to-exploit integrity bypass. Affected versions include Java SE 21.0.8 and 25, GraalVM for JDK 21.0.8, and GraalVM Enterprise Edition 21.3.15. The vulnerability carries a low EPSS score (0.03%, 10th percentile) and no active exploitation has been identified, indicating limited real-world priority despite network accessibility.
Technical ContextAI
This vulnerability resides in the Libraries component of Oracle Java SE and related runtimes, exploitable through APIs that process untrusted data. The CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) classification indicates a permission or authorization enforcement failure, likely affecting data validation or access control checks within standard Java libraries. The vulnerability specifically impacts scenarios where Java applications or sandboxed environments (Java Web Start, Java applets) consume external data through APIs without sufficient integrity verification. The network attack vector combined with difficult exploitation (AC:H) suggests the vulnerability requires specific conditions or data manipulation, not trivial protocol-level exploitation. Both JDK (development kit) and JRE (runtime) implementations are affected identically across the named versions.
RemediationAI
Apply Oracle's October 2025 Critical Patch Update (CPU) immediately for production environments running the affected Java versions; consult https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2025.html for specific patched version numbers for each product line (JDK, JRE, GraalVM). For environments unable to patch immediately, restrict execution of untrusted Java code (disable Java Web Start for external sources, disable Java applets if not essential, or enforce applet sandboxing policies via Java security policies). Review any custom APIs or web services that pass untrusted external data to Oracle Java SE Libraries; implement additional input validation and use allowlists for data formats. Monitor for attempts to modify critical data through Java APIs, though given low EPSS, this is precautionary rather than urgent. If patching is deferred, ensure all Java deployments are isolated from direct internet access where possible. Siemens customers should also review https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html for product-specific guidance on affected industrial automation systems.
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