What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-51452?

CVE-2025-51452 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-51452?

Within 7 days: Identify all affected systems running by sending a specific request and apply vendor patches promptly. Monitor vendor channels for patch availability.

A7000r Firmware CVE-2025-51452

CRITICAL

Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (CWE-288)

2025-08-13 cve@mitre.org

Authentication Bypass A7000r Firmware TOTOLINK

9.8

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-288 OWASP Top 10:2025 A07:2025 - Authentication Failures ASVS 5.0 V6 - Authentication Alternate path authentication
Impact	CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.07%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the critical-severity affected system.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.

No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

In TOTOLINK A7000R firmware 9.1.0u.6115_B20201022, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-288. In TOTOLINK A7000R firmware 9.1.0u.6115_B20201022, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm. Affected products include: Totolink A7000R Firmware.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

DescriptionNVD

In TOTOLINK A7000R firmware 9.1.0u.6115_B20201022, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using by sending a specific request face critical risk from CVE-2025-51452 rated CVSS 9.8. Successful exploitation could critically impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 79% exploitable

Data Quality

4 sources

Confidence: Medium

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

GitHub

VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

CRITICAL severity

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +49

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication Bypass CRITICAL

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:o:totolink:a7000r_firmware:9.1.0u.6115_b20201022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

More in A7000r Firmware

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9.8 Aug 29

TOTOLINK A7000R V4.1cu.4134 was discovered to contain an access control issue via /cgi-bin/ExportSettings.sh. Rated crit

CVE-2024-28639 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Mar 16

Buffer Overflow vulnerability in TOTOLink X5000R V9.1.0u.6118-B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115-B20201022, allow remote

CVE-2023-49418 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Dec 11

TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022has a stack overflow vulnerability via setIpPortFilterRules. Rated critical severi

CVE-2023-49417 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Dec 11

TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 has a stack overflow vulnerability via setOpModeCfg. Rated critical severity (CVS

CVE-2023-45984 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Oct 16

TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and TOTOLINK A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a stack over

CVE-2023-36950 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Oct 16

TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and TOTOLINK A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a stack over

CVE-2023-36947 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Oct 16

TOTOLINK X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and TOTOLINK A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a stack over

CVE-2022-27005 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Mar 15

Totolink routers s X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 were discovered to contain a command

CVE-2022-27004 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Mar 15

Totolink routers s X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 were discovered to contain a command

CVE-2022-27003 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Mar 15

Totolink routers s X5000R V9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 were discovered to contain a command

CVE-2024-7213 HIGH This Week POC

8.7 Jul 30

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in TOTOLINK A7000R 9.1.0u.6268_B20220504. Rated high severi

CVE-2024-7212 HIGH This Week POC

8.7 Jul 30

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in TOTOLINK A7000R 9.1.0u.6268_B20220504.cgi. Rated hi

Same weakness CWE-288 – Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel

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CVE-2024-1709 CRITICAL POC

10.0

CVE-2020-10148 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2024-55591 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2025-2747 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2025-2746 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2025-4427 MEDIUM POC

5.3

CVE-2025-34026 CRITICAL POC

9.2

CVE-2026-23760 CRITICAL POC

9.3

Same technique Authentication Bypass

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CVE-2015-3306 CRITICAL POC

10.0

CVE-2023-22515 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2013-2465 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2011-3544 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2022-40684 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2025-61882 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2024-0012 CRITICAL POC

9.3

References

Advisories & patches

ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/319950 REF http://a7000rfirmware.com REF https://gist.github.com/lin-3-start/5b20f6fbe3aa0c3fc75f320cd589182a REF https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu_listtpl/download/id/171/ids/36.html

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