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Ex1200t Firmware CVE-2025-51451

CRITICAL
Improper Authentication (CWE-287)
2025-08-13 cve@mitre.org
9.8
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Authentication mechanism validation
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Defense Evasion, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Impact

CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.07%.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

In TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware 4.1.2cu.5215, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Implement multi-factor authentication, enforce strong password policies, use proven authentication frameworks.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Improper Authentication (CWE-287), which allows attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access. In TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware 4.1.2cu.5215, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm. Affected products include: Totolink Ex1200T Firmware.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

In TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware 4.1.2cu.5215, an attacker can bypass login by sending a specific request through formLoginAuth.htm.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using by sending a specific request face critical risk from CVE-2025-51451, a improper authentication vulnerability rated CVSS 9.8. Attackers could bypass security controls to gain unauthorized access to protected resources and sensitive data. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls; (2) Enable MFA where possible; (3) Monitor authentication logs for anomalous access.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 79% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

49
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +49
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:o:totolink:ex1200t_firmware:4.1.2cu.5215:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2023-52032 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Jan 11

TOTOlink EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via th

CVE-2021-42872 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Jun 02

TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 is affected by a command injection vulnerability that can remotely execute arbitrary code

CVE-2025-28038 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Apr 22

TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 was found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in the s

CVE-2025-28039 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Apr 22

TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 was found to contain a pre-auth remote command execution vulnerability in the s

CVE-2021-42875 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Jun 02

TOTOLINK EX1200T V4.1.2cu.5215 contains a remote command injection vulnerability in the function setDiagnosisCfg of the

CVE-2025-5600 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Jun 04

Buffer overflow in TOTOLINK EX1200T via setLanguageCfg. EPSS 0.52%. PoC available.

CVE-2025-6393 HIGH POC
8.8 Jun 21

CVE-2025-6393 is a critical buffer overflow vulnerability in the HTTP POST request handler of TOTOLINK routers affecting

CVE-2025-5907 HIGH POC
8.8 Jun 10

Critical buffer overflow vulnerability in TOTOLINK EX1200T routers (firmware versions up to 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713) affe

CVE-2025-5792 HIGH POC
8.8 Jun 06

A buffer overflow vulnerability (CVSS 8.8). Risk factors: public PoC available.

CVE-2025-6162 HIGH POC
8.8 Jun 17

A buffer overflow vulnerability in A vulnerability (CVSS 8.8). Risk factors: public PoC available.

CVE-2025-6145 HIGH POC
8.8 Jun 16

Critical buffer overflow vulnerability in TOTOLINK EX1200T wireless router (firmware version 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713) aff

CVE-2025-6144 HIGH POC
8.8 Jun 16

Critical buffer overflow vulnerability in TOTOLINK EX1200T wireless router (firmware version 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713) aff

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