Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
App-based local attack (AV:L), user must install the app (UI:R), only limited confidentiality impact; no integrity or availability impact applies.
Primary rating from Vendor (apple).
CVSS VectorVendor: apple
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Lifecycle Timeline
5DescriptionCVE.org
An authorization issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4, macOS Sequoia 15.4. An app may be able to leak sensitive user information.
AnalysisAI
Improper access control via flawed authorization state management in Apple iOS/iPadOS (before 18.4) and macOS Sequoia (before 15.4) permits a locally installed app to leak sensitive user information without proper authorization. Fixed in iOS 18.4, iPadOS 18.4, and macOS Sequoia 15.4, as confirmed by Apple security advisories. No public exploit code has been identified and no active exploitation is recorded in CISA KEV at time of analysis, though SSVC flags the vulnerability as automatable with partial technical impact.
Technical ContextAI
The root cause is classified as CWE-284 (Improper Access Control), specifically manifesting as a defect in authorization state management within Apple's iOS/iPadOS and macOS operating system frameworks. State management flaws in authorization contexts typically occur when a security-relevant state (e.g., permission grant, session context, entitlement check result) is cached, propagated, or evaluated incorrectly across application lifecycle events - such as app suspension, resume, or inter-process communication. Affected CPEs are cpe:2.3:a:apple:ios_and_ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* (all versions below 18.4) and cpe:2.3:a:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* (all versions below 15.4 Sequoia). The 'Authentication Bypass' tag suggests the flaw allows an app to bypass intended authorization gates to access data it should not have permission to read.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4 (apply via Settings > General > Software Update) and macOS Sequoia 15.4 (apply via System Settings > General > Software Update). These updates address the authorization state management flaw as confirmed by Apple. For devices that cannot be updated immediately, restrict installation of untrusted or third-party apps - on iOS/iPadOS this means reviewing App Store permissions and avoiding sideloaded apps if enterprise policies allow it. On macOS, enabling Gatekeeper and limiting app installations to the Mac App Store reduces exposure. These mitigations limit the attack surface but do not eliminate the underlying flaw. Advisory references: https://support.apple.com/en-us/122371 (iOS/iPadOS) and https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373 (macOS).
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Same weakness CWE-284 – Improper Access Control
View allSame technique Authentication Bypass
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2025-210110
GHSA-47w7-9fq8-cxp2