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Linux Kernel CVE-2025-40074

CRITICAL
2025-10-28 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
Critical
Disputed · 9.8 Vendor: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67
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Severity by source

Sources disagree (Medium–Critical)
Vendor (416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67) PRIMARY
9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI
7.4 HIGH

Remotely reachable datapath (AV:N/PR:N) but exploitation is a narrow race (AC:H); impact is kernel-memory disclosure and crash (C:H/A:H), with no clear integrity effect (I:N).

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE
5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Red Hat
6.4 MEDIUM
qualitative

vuln.today treats the vendor’s rating as authoritative. A higher third-party CVSS (e.g. CISA-ADP) is shown for transparency but does not drive the headline severity.

CVSS VectorVendor: 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Analysis Generated
Jul 30, 2026 - 07:47 vuln.today
CVE Published
Oct 28, 2025 - 12:15 cve.org
CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionCVE.org

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ipv4: start using dst_dev_rcu()

Change icmpv4_xrlim_allow(), ip_defrag() to prevent possible UAF.

Change ipmr_prepare_xmit(), ipmr_queue_fwd_xmit(), ip_mr_output(), ipv4_neigh_lookup() to use lockdep enabled dst_dev_rcu().

AnalysisAI

Use-after-free in the Linux kernel IPv4 networking stack allows potential kernel memory disclosure or corruption when destination (dst) entries are accessed without proper RCU protection during ICMP rate-limiting, IP fragment reassembly, and multicast forwarding. The fix converts icmpv4_xrlim_allow(), ip_defrag(), the ipmr multicast transmit paths, and ipv4_neigh_lookup() to the lockdep-enabled dst_dev_rcu() accessor. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS probability is low (0.17%, 7th percentile), consistent with a hard-to-win kernel race rather than a readily weaponized flaw.

Technical ContextAI

The affected code lives in the kernel's IPv4 subsystem, where a struct dst_entry carries a reference to its associated net_device (dst->dev). Several hot paths dereferenced dst->dev outside a properly synchronized RCU read section, so the device could be freed concurrently, producing a use-after-free - a CWE-416 condition rooted in a CWE-362 race between packet processing and device teardown. The patch routes these accesses through the new dst_dev_rcu() helper, which carries lockdep annotations to enforce that callers hold rcu_read_lock. Impacted functions span ICMP egress rate limiting (icmpv4_xrlim_allow), fragment reassembly (ip_defrag), multicast routing/forwarding (ipmr_prepare_xmit, ipmr_queue_fwd_xmit, ip_mr_output), and neighbor resolution (ipv4_neigh_lookup) - all core datapath code reachable during ordinary network traffic handling.

Affected ProductsAI

The Linux kernel IPv4 networking stack is affected; the two supplied references are stable-tree commits (git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ad8de3cefdb6ffa6708b21c567df0dbf82c43a8 and .../923e0734c386984d45de508528a7a7ad91d791cc) that resolve the issue. No CPE strings, exact vulnerable version ranges, or fixed release tags were provided in the input, so the precise set of affected kernel versions cannot be stated authoritatively and must be derived from the parent commits introducing the unprotected dst->dev accesses. Distribution-shipped kernels (Debian, RHEL, Ubuntu, SUSE, etc.) inherit the flaw until they merge the corresponding stable backports.

RemediationAI

Upstream fix available (PR/commit); released patched version not independently confirmed - apply the stable-tree commits referenced at git.kernel.org (6ad8de3cefdb6ffa6708b21c567df0dbf82c43a8 and 923e0734c386984d45de508528a7a7ad91d791cc) by updating to the stable kernel release that includes them, or install your distribution's patched kernel package once published and reboot. Because the vulnerable functions are core IPv4 datapath code, there is no clean feature-level disable; as partial compensating controls, restrict exposure to untrusted IPv4 fragmented traffic (e.g., drop or reassemble fragments at a firewall with a conntrack/defrag policy) and avoid running IPv4 multicast routing (ipmr) where it is not needed, since disabling multicast forwarding removes the ipmr transmit paths from reach - noting these controls reduce but do not eliminate the ICMP and fragment-handling attack surface and may break legitimate multicast or fragmented-traffic workloads. Track your distribution's security advisory for the exact fixed package version rather than relying on a hand-picked version number.

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Moderate
Product Status
Container suse/hpc/warewulf4-x86_64/sle-hpc-node:latest Image SLES15-SP6 Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-Aliyun Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-GDC Image SLES15-SP6-CHOST-BYOS-SAP-CCloud Image SLES15-SP6-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-EC2-ECS-HVM Image SLES15-SP6-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-HPC-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-Hardened-BYOS-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAP Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAP-GCE Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-Azure Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-EC2 Image SLES15-SP6-SAPCAL-GCE Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/baremetal-os-container:latest Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/baremetal-os-container:latest Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/base-os-container:2.1.3-7.95 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/base-os-container:2.2.1-5.80 Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/kvm-os-container:2.1.3-6.114 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/kvm-os-container:2.2.1-5.82 Affected
Container suse/sl-micro/6.0/rt-os-container:2.1.3-7.116 Container suse/sl-micro/6.1/rt-os-container:2.2.1-5.55 Affected

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CVE-2025-40074 vulnerability details – vuln.today

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