What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-22127?

CVE-2025-22127 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.5 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-22127?

Within 30 days: Identify affected systems and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Vendor patch is available.

Linux CVE-2025-22127

MEDIUM

Improper Locking (CWE-667)

2025-04-16 416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67

Information Disclosure Linux

5.5

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-667 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Proper locking
Impact	CVSS score of 5.5 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.07%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	Successful exploitation could compromise the medium-severity affected system.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix potential deadloop in prepare_compress_overwrite() Jan Prusakowski reported a kernel hang issue as below: When running. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-667. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix potential deadloop in prepare_compress_overwrite() Jan Prusakowski reported a kernel hang issue as below: When running xfstests on linux-next kernel (6.14.0-rc3, 6.12) I encountered a problem in generic/475 test where fsstress process gets blocked in __f2fs_write_data_pages() and the test hangs. The options I used are: MKFS_OPTIONS -- -O compression -O extra_attr -O project_quota -O quota /dev/vdc MOUNT_OPTIONS -- -o acl,user_xattr -o discard,compress_extension=* /dev/vdc /vdc INFO: task kworker/u8:0:11 blocked for more than 122 seconds. Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3-xfstests-lockdep #1 "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. task:kworker/u8:0 state:D stack:0 pid:11 tgid:11 ppid:2 task_flags:0x4208160 flags:0x00004000 Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-253:0) Call Trace: <TASK> __schedule+0x309/0x8e0 schedule+0x3a/0x100 schedule_preempt_disabled+0x15/0x30 __mutex_lock+0x59a/0xdb0 __f2fs_write_data_pages+0x3ac/0x400 do_writepages+0xe8/0x290 __writeback_single_inode+0x5c/0x360 writeback_sb_inodes+0x22f/0x570 wb_writeback+0xb0/0x410 wb_do_writeback+0x47/0x2f0 wb_workfn+0x5a/0x1c0 process_one_work+0x223/0x5b0 worker_thread+0x1d5/0x3c0 kthread+0xfd/0x230 ret_from_fork+0x31/0x50 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 </TASK> The root cause is: once generic/475 starts toload error table to dm device, f2fs_prepare_compress_overwrite() will loop reading compressed cluster pages due to IO error, meanwhile it has held .writepages lock, it can block all other writeback tasks. Let's fix this issue w/ below changes: - add f2fs_handle_page_eio() in prepare_compress_overwrite() to detect IO error. - detect cp_error earler in f2fs_read_multi_pages(). Affected products include: Linux Linux Kernel.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM

AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

SUSE MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Local

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

Low

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

None

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Mar 28, 2026 - 18:37 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Apr 16, 2025 - 15:16 nvd

MEDIUM 5.5

DescriptionNVD

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix potential deadloop in prepare_compress_overwrite()

Jan Prusakowski reported a kernel hang issue as below:

When running xfstests on linux-next kernel (6.14.0-rc3, 6.12) I encountered a problem in generic/475 test where fsstress process gets blocked in __f2fs_write_data_pages() and the test hangs. The options I used are:

MKFS_OPTIONS -- -O compression -O extra_attr -O project_quota -O quota /dev/vdc MOUNT_OPTIONS -- -o acl,user_xattr -o discard,compress_extension=* /dev/vdc /vdc

INFO: task kworker/u8:0:11 blocked for more than 122 seconds. Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3-xfstests-lockdep #1 "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. task:kworker/u8:0 state:D stack:0 pid:11 tgid:11 ppid:2 task_flags:0x4208160 flags:0x00004000 Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-253:0) Call Trace: <TASK> __schedule+0x309/0x8e0 schedule+0x3a/0x100 schedule_preempt_disabled+0x15/0x30 __mutex_lock+0x59a/0xdb0 __f2fs_write_data_pages+0x3ac/0x400 do_writepages+0xe8/0x290 __writeback_single_inode+0x5c/0x360 writeback_sb_inodes+0x22f/0x570 wb_writeback+0xb0/0x410 wb_do_writeback+0x47/0x2f0 wb_workfn+0x5a/0x1c0 process_one_work+0x223/0x5b0 worker_thread+0x1d5/0x3c0 kthread+0xfd/0x230 ret_from_fork+0x31/0x50 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 </TASK>

The root cause is: once generic/475 starts toload error table to dm device, f2fs_prepare_compress_overwrite() will loop reading compressed cluster pages due to IO error, meanwhile it has held .writepages lock, it can block all other writeback tasks.

Let's fix this issue w/ below changes:

add f2fs_handle_page_eio() in prepare_compress_overwrite() to

detect IO error.

detect cp_error earler in f2fs_read_multi_pages().

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-22127 presents moderate security risk rated CVSS 5.5. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. A patch is available and should be applied during regular vulnerability management.

Business Impact: Low

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: restrict network access and enable monitoring.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 78% exploitable

Data Quality

5 sources

Confidence: Medium

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS Vendor

VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Defer

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Small

Automatable· derived

Human Impact

Low

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +28

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Same weakness CWE-667 – Improper Locking

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CVE-2019-11599 HIGH POC

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CVE-2019-2725 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2021-34523 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2013-2251 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2017-5638 CRITICAL POC

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CVE-2025-24813 CRITICAL POC

9.8

CVE-2025-68613 HIGH POC

8.8

CVE-2015-1701 HIGH POC

7.8

CVE-2017-0147 HIGH POC

7.5

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium

Product	Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3	Fixed

References

Advisories & patches

PATCH https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3147ee567dd9004a49826ddeaf0a4b12865d4409 PATCH https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7215cf8ef54bdc9082dffac4662416d54961e258 ADVISORY https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-9022-1 ADVISORY https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-9023-1 ADVISORY https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-9025-1 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/305121 REF https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/353b262268c1646a0e7c96d4ed14c5d72a30ccb4 REF https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4513843d58d8fa1daebd3817205a15309b146342 REF https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cd460bd9e7c6e6c30a33982603f65fb5deab1e4

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