What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21559?

CVE-2025-21559 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.5 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-21559?

Within 30 days: Identify affected systems and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Audit authentication configurations.

MySQL CVE-2025-21559

MEDIUM

Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306)

2025-01-21 secalert_us@oracle.com

Authentication Bypass MySQL Oracle Red Hat Mysql Server Suse

5.5

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-306 OWASP Top 10:2025 A07:2025 - Authentication Failures ASVS 5.0 V6 - Authentication Authentication required for critical functions MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS score of 5.5 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, high privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.14%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	A remote attacker could access critical functionality without authentication by sending crafted requests to the affected application.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: InnoDB). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Require authentication for all sensitive operations, implement defense in depth.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306), which allows attackers to access critical functionality without authentication. Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: InnoDB). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.40 and prior, 8.4.3 and prior and 9.1.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.5 (Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H). Affected products include: Oracle Mysql Server.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM

AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

SUSE MEDIUM

Red Hat 5.5 MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

High

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

Low

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Apr 05, 2026 - 08:30 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Jan 21, 2025 - 21:15 nvd

MEDIUM 5.5

DescriptionCVE.org

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: InnoDB). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.40 and prior, 8.4.3 and prior and 9.1.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 5.5 (Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H).

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-21559 presents moderate security risk, a missing authentication vulnerability rated CVSS 5.5. This could allow unauthorized access to protected resources. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: restrict network access, enable MFA, monitor auth logs.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 66% exploitable

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Defer

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Human Impact

Low

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +28

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication Bypass CRITICAL

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Medium

Product	Status
SUSE Liberty Linux 8	Fixed
SUSE Liberty Linux 9	Fixed

References

Advisories & patches

ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:1671 ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:1673 ADVISORY https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2025.html REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250131-0004/

Search Externally

GitHub PoC

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