EUVD-2025-201297Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
AC:H reflects the required non-default hotspot configuration condition beyond attacker control; PR:N confirmed by CVSS 4.0 vector; no integrity or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3).
CVSS VectorVendor: 5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3
Lifecycle Timeline
5DescriptionCVE.org
An XPath Injection vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to retrieve sensitive information from the Firebox configuration through an exposed authentication or management web interface. This vulnerability only affects Firebox systems that have at least one authentication hotspot configured.This issue affects Fireware OS 11.11 up to and including 11.12.4+541730, 12.0 up to and including 12.11.4, 12.5 up to and including 12.5.13, and 2025.1 up to and including 2025.1.2.
AnalysisAI
XPath Injection in WatchGuard Fireware OS exposes sensitive Firebox configuration data to remote unauthenticated attackers via the authentication or management web interface. Affected systems span four major version branches from 11.11 through 2025.1.2, covering a wide range of deployed Firebox hardware appliances. Exploitation is conditioned on the authentication hotspot feature being enabled; no public exploit code exists and EPSS sits at 0.11% (30th percentile), indicating low observed exploitation activity despite the high CVSS 4.0 score of 8.2.
Technical ContextAI
CWE-91 (XPath Injection) arises when user-supplied input is embedded into XPath queries without sanitization, allowing attackers to manipulate query logic in a manner analogous to SQL injection but targeting XML data stores. WatchGuard Fireware OS is the embedded operating system running on Firebox network security appliances; its authentication and management web interfaces process user input that, in vulnerable versions, is insufficiently escaped before being used in XPath expressions against the XML-formatted device configuration. The CPE string cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* confirms the affected component is the OS layer itself rather than an application plugin. The CVSS 4.0 AT:P metric correctly identifies that a specific attack requirement - authentication hotspot configuration - must be present on the target system.
RemediationAI
Consult the WatchGuard PSIRT advisory at https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2025-00025 and apply the patched Fireware OS version for your branch - exact fix versions are not independently confirmed in the available reference data and must be obtained directly from the vendor advisory for each affected branch (11.12.x, 12.x, 12.5.x, 2025.1.x). As an immediate compensating control, disable the authentication hotspot feature on any Firebox where it is not operationally required; this removes the sole prerequisite for exploitation and eliminates exposure entirely, with the trade-off of disabling captive portal or guest Wi-Fi functionality. Where hotspot must remain enabled, restrict access to the management and authentication web interfaces to trusted management VLANs or known IP ranges using firewall policy, reducing the attack surface to internal or privileged network positions.
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Same weakness CWE-91 – XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection)
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External POC / Exploit Code
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