What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-30066?

CVE-2025-30066 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.6 (High). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N. EPSS exploitation probability: 92.0%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2025-30066?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2025-30066. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 92.0%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-30066?

Within 24 hours: Identify all affected systems and apply vendor patches immediately. Monitor vendor channels for patch availability.

Changed Files CVE-2025-30066

HIGH

Embedded Malicious Code (CWE-506)

2025-03-15 cve@mitre.org

Information Disclosure Changed Files Tj Actions

8.6

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-506 OWASP Top 10:2025 A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Code review, malicious code detection
Impact	Extreme risk. Thousands of repositories using tj-actions/changed-files automatically pulled the malicious code on their next workflow run. All secrets available to those workflows were potentially exfiltrated, including deployment keys, API tokens, and cloud credentials.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	Repositories with workflows using `tj-actions/changed-files@v45` or any mutable tag automatically executed the compromised version. The malicious code wrote all available secrets to the workflow log. Attackers monitored public repositories' logs, while private repository secrets were written to logs accessible to collaborators.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) No patch listed yet 92.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

tj-actions/changed-files GitHub Action was compromised in a supply chain attack where modified tags pointed to credential-stealing code, exposing secrets from GitHub Actions workflows across thousands of repositories.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 28, 2026 - 18:31 CVSS 8.6

The tj-actions/changed-files GitHub Action (versions v1-v45.0.7) was compromised on March 14-15, 2025, when a threat actor modified tags to point to malicious code that dumped CI/CD secrets to workflow logs.

RemediationAI

Pin all GitHub Actions to specific commit SHAs. Rotate ALL secrets that were available to workflows using this action. Audit workflow logs for secret exposure. Use GitHub's allow-listed actions feature.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The CWE-506 supply chain attack modified existing mutable tags (v1 through v45.0.7) to reference commit 0e58ed8, which contained malicious updateFeatures code. The code extracted environment variables (including secrets) and wrote them to GitHub Actions workflow logs, making them accessible to anyone with read access.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.6 HIGH

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

None

Availability

None

Lifecycle Timeline

Added to CISA KEV

Nov 05, 2025 - 19:27 cisa

CISA KEV

PoC Detected

Nov 05, 2025 - 19:27 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Mar 15, 2025 - 06:15 nvd

HIGH 8.6

DescriptionNVD

tj-actions changed-files before 46 allows remote attackers to discover secrets by reading actions logs. (The tags v1 through v45.0.7 were affected on 2025-03-14 and 2025-03-15 because they were modified by a threat actor to point at commit 0e58ed8, which contained malicious updateFeatures code.)

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using tj-actions changed-files before 46 face significant risk from CVE-2025-30066 rated CVSS 8.6. Successful exploitation could significantly impact the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of affected systems. This vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild (KEV-listed) and requires immediate remediation. Immediate patching is required per CISA KEV mandate.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score

7.5/10

Composite threat intelligence

EPSS Score

92.0%

Top 0% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

5 sources

Confidence: Medium

NVD

CVE.org

CISA KEV

EPSS

GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity HIGH

CISA KEV Yes

Public POC Yes

EPSS 92.0%

Patch available No

Active threat Yes

Deciding rule

HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Immediate

Exploitation· derived

Active

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

205

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: +50

EPSS: +92

CVSS: +43

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.