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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Pointer release safety
Impact

Network-exploitable. Invalid free vulnerabilities often lead to reliable code execution through heap manipulation techniques.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends a sequence of CPCA file operations that triggers the invalid free, then allocates controlled data in the freed memory region, hijacking execution flow.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026

Canon printers contain an invalid free vulnerability in CPCA file deletion processing that allows network-based attackers to execute arbitrary code or crash the device.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Mar 12, 2026 - 21:54 CVSS 9.8

Use-after-free in Canon CPCA protocol enables remote code execution on printers.

RemediationAI

Apply Canon firmware updates. Restrict CPCA protocol access via network ACLs.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The CPCA (Common Peripheral Controlling Architecture) file deletion handler in Canon printers improperly frees memory (CWE-763), allowing an attacker to trigger a use-after-free condition by manipulating file deletion sequences.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Invalid free in CPCA file deletion processing on Small Office Multifunction Printers and Laser Printers(*) which may allow an attacker on the network segment to trigger the affected product being unresponsive or to execute arbitrary code. *: Satera LBP670C Series/Satera MF750C Series firmware v06.02 and earlier sold in Japan.Color imageCLASS LBP630C/Color imageCLASS MF650C Series/imageCLASS LBP230 Series/imageCLASS X LBP1238 II/imageCLASS MF450 Series/imageCLASS X MF1238 II/imageCLASS X MF1643i II/imageCLASS X MF1643iF II firmware v06.02 and earlier sold in US.i-SENSYS LBP630C Series/i-SENSYS MF650C Series/i-SENSYS LBP230 Series/1238P II/1238Pr II/i-SENSYS MF450 Series/i-SENSYS MF550 Series/1238i II/1238iF II/imageRUNNER 1643i II/imageRUNNER 1643iF II firmware v06.02 and earlier sold in Europe.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-14233 presents critical security risk rated CVSS 9.8. Successful exploitation could critically impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. Organizations should apply vendor updates immediately when available and implement compensating controls in the interim.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 82% exploitable
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
Very High

Priority Score

49
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +49
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf455dw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf453dw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf452dw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf451dw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf654cdw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf656cdw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf653cdw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf652cw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf1238_ii_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf1643if_ii_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:mf1643i_ii_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:lbp237dw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:lbp236dw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:lbp633cdw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:lbp632cdw_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:canon:lbp1238_ii_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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