What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-23370?

CVE-2023-23370 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 4.4 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.2%.

Qvpn CVE-2023-23370

MEDIUM

Insufficiently Protected Credentials (CWE-522)

2023-10-06 security@qnapsecurity.com.tw

Information Disclosure Qnap Microsoft Qvpn

4.4

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-522 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2025 - Insecure Design ASVS 5.0 V6 - Authentication Credential protection in transit/storage
Impact	CVSS score of 4.4 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity, high privileges required, no user interaction not required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	A local attacker with access to the system could obtain user credentials due to weak protection mechanisms.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

An insufficiently protected credentials vulnerability has been reported to affect QVPN Device Client. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Hash passwords with strong algorithms (bcrypt, argon2), encrypt credentials in transit and at rest, never log credentials.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Insufficiently Protected Credentials (CWE-522), which allows attackers to obtain user credentials due to weak protection mechanisms. An insufficiently protected credentials vulnerability has been reported to affect QVPN Device Client. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow local authenticated administrators to gain access to user accounts and access sensitive data used by the user account via unspecified vectors. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QVPN Windows 2.1.0.0518 and later Affected products include: Qnap Qvpn.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 4.4 MEDIUM

AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Local

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

High

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

None

Availability

None

DescriptionNVD

An insufficiently protected credentials vulnerability has been reported to affect QVPN Device Client. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow local authenticated administrators to gain access to user accounts and access sensitive data used by the user account via unspecified vectors.

We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QVPN Windows 2.1.0.0518 and later

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.2%

Top 95% exploitable

Data Quality

2 sources

Confidence: Low

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.2%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Defer

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Small

Automatable· derived

Human Impact· derived

Medium

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +22

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.