What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-0406?

CVE-2023-0406 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 4.3 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.4%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2023-0406?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2023-0406. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.4%.

Is there a patch available for CVE-2023-0406?

Yes, a patch is available for CVE-2023-0406. Update the affected software to the latest version immediately.

Modoboa CVE-2023-0406

MEDIUM

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) (CWE-352)

2023-01-19 security@huntr.dev

CSRF Modoboa

4.3

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-352 OWASP Top 10:2025 A01:2025 - Broken Access Control ASVS 5.0 V3 - Web Frontend Security Anti-CSRF tokens, SameSite cookies MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS score of 4.3 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	A remote attacker could trick authenticated users into performing unintended actions by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.

Alert me

AnalysisAI

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.0.4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Implement anti-CSRF tokens, validate Origin/Referer headers, use SameSite cookie attribute.

Affected Packages

pypi modoboa fix: 2.0.4

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in pypi

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) (CWE-352), which allows attackers to trick authenticated users into performing unintended actions. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.0.4. Affected products include: Modoboa. Version information: prior to 2.0.4..

Know when Modoboa gets its next vulnerability

Watch products and get an email when something new is published
Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

Continue with Google Continue with GitHub

No credit card · 7-day full trial

Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 4.3 MEDIUM

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

Required

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

Low

Availability

None

DescriptionNVD

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.0.4.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.4%

Top 69% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

3 sources

Confidence: Low

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.4%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Scheduled

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Human Impact· derived

Medium

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +22

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Cross-Site Request Forgery MEDIUM

Cross-Site Request Forgery exploits the automatic credential inclusion behavior of web browsers.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:modoboa:modoboa:*:*:*:*:*:modoboa:*:*

More in Modoboa

View all

CVE-2023-2160 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Apr 18

Weak Password Requirements in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.1.0. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this

CVE-2023-0777 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.8 Feb 10

Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.0.4. Rated critical severity (

CVE-2023-2227 CRITICAL Act Now POC

9.1 Apr 21

Improper Authorization in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.1.0. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vul

CVE-2023-5690 HIGH This Week POC

8.8 Oct 20

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.2.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), t

CVE-2023-0860 HIGH This Week POC

7.5 Feb 16

Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa-installer prior to 2.0.4.

CVE-2019-19702 HIGH This Week POC

7.5 Dec 10

The modoboa-dmarc plugin 1.1.0 for Modoboa is vulnerable to an XML External Entity Injection (XXE) attack when processin

CVE-2023-2228 MEDIUM This Month POC

6.8 Apr 21

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8),

CVE-2023-0438 MEDIUM This Month POC

6.5 Jan 23

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.0.4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5),

CVE-2023-0398 MEDIUM This Month POC

6.5 Jan 19

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.0.4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5),

CVE-2023-5689 MEDIUM This Month POC

5.4 Oct 20

Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - DOM in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.2.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4),

CVE-2023-5688 MEDIUM This Month POC

5.4 Oct 20

Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - DOM in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.2.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4),

CVE-2023-0519 MEDIUM This Month POC

5.4 Jan 26

Cross-site Scripting (XSS) - Stored in GitHub repository modoboa/modoboa prior to 2.0.4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4

Same weakness CWE-352 – Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

View all

CVE-2016-6277 HIGH POC

8.8

CVE-2014-100005 HIGH POC

8.0

CVE-2013-5696 MEDIUM POC

6.8

CVE-2020-36836 HIGH POC

8.0

CVE-2015-2295 MEDIUM POC

6.8

CVE-2016-6897 MEDIUM POC

6.5

CVE-2022-41622 HIGH POC

8.8

CVE-2025-2907 CRITICAL POC

9.8

Same technique CSRF

View all

CVE-2017-9757 HIGH POC

8.8

CVE-2013-4152 MEDIUM POC

6.8

CVE-2024-7094 CRITICAL

9.8

CVE-2015-4624 HIGH POC

7.5

References

Advisories & patches

PATCH https://github.com/modoboa/modoboa/commit/7f0573e917227686d2cc127be1364e2908740807

Search Externally

GitHub PoC

Exploit-DB PacketStorm Snyk Rapid7 Nuclei Templates Trickest PoC

Back