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Axis Os CVE-2021-31986

MEDIUM
Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122)
2021-10-05 product-security@axis.com
Buffer Overflow Heap Overflow Axis Os Axis Axis Os 2016 Axis Os 2018 Axis Os 2020
6.8
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-122
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Heap buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 6.8 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, high complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the medium-severity affected system.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.8% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

User controlled parameters related to SMTP notifications are not correctly validated. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-122. User controlled parameters related to SMTP notifications are not correctly validated. This can lead to a buffer overflow resulting in crashes and data leakage. Affected products include: Axis Axis Os, Axis Axis Os 2016, Axis Axis Os 2018, Axis Axis Os 2020.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.8 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

User controlled parameters related to SMTP notifications are not correctly validated. This can lead to a buffer overflow resulting in crashes and data leakage.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.8%
Top 48% exploitable
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.8%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

35
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +34
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Heap Overflow HIGH

A heap overflow occurs when a program writes data beyond the bounds of a buffer allocated in the heap memory region.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:o:axis:axis_os:*:*:*:*:active:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:axis:axis_os_2016:*:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:axis:axis_os_2018:*:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:axis:axis_os_2020:*:*:*:*:lts:*:*:*

More in Axis Os

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Privilege escalation in Axis VAPIX framework.
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8.8 Jun 02

Privilege escalation vulnerability in Axis Communications' VAPIX Device Configuration framework that allows a local, aut
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Code execution with potential privilege escalation in AXIS OS 12.0.0 through 12.10.35 is reachable only after an attacke
CVE-2021-31988 HIGH
8.8 Oct 05

A user controlled parameter related to SMTP test functionality is not correctly validated making it possible to add the

CVE-2025-0359 HIGH
8.5 Mar 04

During an annual penetration test conducted on behalf of Axis Communication, Truesec discovered a flaw in the ACAP Appli
CVE-2023-21415 HIGH
8.1 Oct 16

Sandro Poppi, member of the AXIS OS Bug Bounty Program, has found that the VAPIX API overlay_del.cgi is vulnerable to pa
CVE-2025-0360 HIGH
7.8 Mar 04

During an annual penetration test conducted on behalf of Axis Communication, Truesec discovered a flaw in the VAPIX Devi
CVE-2021-31987 HIGH
7.5 Oct 05

A user controlled parameter related to SMTP test functionality is not correctly validated making it possible to bypass b
CVE-2026-0802 HIGH
7.3 May 12

Command injection in the ACAP configuration-file handling of AXIS OS 12.x allows a local, authenticated attacker to esca
CVE-2026-0804 HIGH
7.3 May 12

Path traversal in AXIS OS handling of ACAP application configuration files gives a local attacker holding low-level priv
CVE-2026-0541 HIGH
7.3 May 12

Privilege escalation on Axis devices running AXIS OS 12.0.0 through 12.9.31 lets a malicious ACAP (Axis Camera Applicati
CVE-2026-4757 HIGH
7.2 Aug 11

Remote code execution via improper input validation in a VAPIX API parameter on Axis OS affects Axis network camera and

Same weakness CWE-122 – Heap-based Buffer Overflow

View all
CVE-2023-4911 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2023-27997 CRITICAL
9.8
CVE-2026-94127 CRITICAL POC
9.3
CVE-2025-25249 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2026-85880 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2025-24985 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2026-53362 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2025-21418 HIGH
7.8

Same technique Buffer Overflow

View all
CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-2462 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2020-0796 CRITICAL POC
10.0
CVE-2019-11043 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2009-0927 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
8.8

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://www.axis.com/files/tech_notes/CVE-2021-31986.pdf

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