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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-798
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Credential externalization
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Persistence, Credential Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 7.5 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could gain access using credentials embedded in source code by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 1.5% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

An issue was discovered on Zyxel GS1900 devices with firmware before 2.50(AAHH.0)C0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Remove hard-coded credentials, use environment variables or secrets management, rotate exposed credentials immediately.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Use of Hard-coded Credentials (CWE-798), which allows attackers to gain access using credentials embedded in source code. An issue was discovered on Zyxel GS1900 devices with firmware before 2.50(AAHH.0)C0. The firmware image contains encrypted passwords that are used to authenticate users wishing to access a diagnostics or password-recovery menu. Using the hardcoded cryptographic key found elsewhere in the firmware, these passwords can be decrypted. This is related to fds_sys_passDebugPasswd_ret() and fds_sys_passRecoveryPasswd_ret() in libfds.so.0.0. Affected products include: Zyxel Gs1900-8 Firmware, Zyxel Gs1900-8Hp Firmware, Zyxel Gs1900-10Hp Firmware, Zyxel Gs1900-16 Firmware, Zyxel Gs1900-24E Firmware. Version information: before 2.50.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

DescriptionNVD

An issue was discovered on Zyxel GS1900 devices with firmware before 2.50(AAHH.0)C0. The firmware image contains encrypted passwords that are used to authenticate users wishing to access a diagnostics or password-recovery menu. Using the hardcoded cryptographic key found elsewhere in the firmware, these passwords can be decrypted. This is related to fds_sys_passDebugPasswd_ret() and fds_sys_passRecoveryPasswd_ret() in libfds.so.0.0.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.5%
Top 29% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 1.5%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

59
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +38
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication Bypass CRITICAL

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-8_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-8hp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-10hp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-16_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-24e_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-24_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-24hp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-48_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:gs1900-48hp_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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An issue was discovered on Zyxel GS1900 devices with firmware before 2.50(AAHH.0)C0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), thi
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Same weakness CWE-798 – Use of Hard-coded Credentials

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CVE-2016-1560 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-6558 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-7246 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-4667 CRITICAL POC
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Same technique Authentication Bypass

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CVE-2015-3306 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2023-22515 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2013-2465 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2011-3544 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2022-40684 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-61882 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2024-0012 CRITICAL POC
9.3

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://www.zyxel.com/support/gs1900-switch-vulnerabilities.shtml

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