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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-415
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Double free prevention
Impact

CVSS score of 7.2 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 49.07%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%.
No patch listed yet 49.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Double free vulnerability in the Ancillary Function Driver (AFD) in afd.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 49.1%.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-415. Double free vulnerability in the Ancillary Function Driver (AFD) in afd.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Ancillary Function Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." Affected products include: Microsoft Windows 7, Microsoft Windows 8, Microsoft Windows 8.1, Microsoft Windows Rt, Microsoft Windows Rt 8.1.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.2 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Confidentiality
C
Integrity
C
Availability
C

DescriptionCVE.org

Double free vulnerability in the Ancillary Function Driver (AFD) in afd.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Ancillary Function Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score
4.4/10
Composite threat intelligence
EPSS Score
49.1%
Top 2% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS Exploit-DB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 49.1%
Patch available No
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
HIGH severity + EPSS > 10%
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

105
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +49
CVSS: +36
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:*:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2003:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_vista:*:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Same weakness CWE-415 – Double Free

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CVE-2014-0502 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2018-0101 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2016-5768 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-6074 HIGH POC
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Same technique Information Disclosure

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CVE-2013-2251 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-5638 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2025-24813 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-68613 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2015-1701 HIGH POC
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CVE-2017-0147 HIGH POC
7.5

References

Advisories & patches
REF http://secunia.com/advisories/59778 REF http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/68394 REF http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-14-220/ REF https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2014/ms14-040

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