Use After Free
Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to access memory through a pointer after that memory has been deallocated.
How It Works
Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to access memory through a pointer after that memory has been deallocated. When memory is freed, it returns to the allocator's pool and may be reallocated for an entirely different purpose. The original pointer becomes "dangling"—it still points to that memory location, but the contents are now undefined or controlled by different code.
Attackers exploit this by orchestrating a three-step process: first, trigger the memory deallocation; second, cause the allocator to reassign that same memory region with attacker-controlled data (often through carefully timed allocations); third, trigger the program to dereference the dangling pointer. Because the memory now contains attacker data instead of the expected object, this can corrupt function pointers, vtables, or other critical structures.
The vulnerability is particularly dangerous in object-oriented code where freed objects contain function pointers or virtual method tables. When the program calls a method on the freed object, it may jump to attacker-controlled addresses. Browser engines are frequent targets because DOM manipulation allows attackers to control object allocation and deallocation timing through JavaScript, while kernel UAFs enable privilege escalation by manipulating file descriptors or process structures.
Impact
- Arbitrary code execution — attacker overwrites function pointers or vtables to redirect program flow to malicious code
- Privilege escalation — in kernel UAFs, gain root/system privileges by corrupting process credentials or security tokens
- Information disclosure — read sensitive data from reallocated memory that wasn't properly cleared
- Sandbox escape — break out of browser or application sandboxes by corrupting security-critical objects
- Denial of service — crash the application through memory corruption, though attackers typically aim for exploitation rather than simple crashes
Real-World Examples
CVE-2021-30551 affected Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine, where improper handling of JavaScript typed arrays created a use-after-free in object property management. Attackers could trigger object deletion while retaining references, then reallocate the memory with controlled data to achieve code execution within the renderer process.
Windows kernel vulnerabilities like CVE-2020-17087 involved use-after-free conditions in the Windows keyboard layout handling code. Attackers exploited race conditions in keyboard layout switching to free kernel objects while retaining references, then reallocated the memory with controlled structures to elevate privileges from user to SYSTEM level.
The WhatsApp vulnerability CVE-2019-11932 demonstrated UAF exploitation in media parsing code, where specially crafted GIF files triggered premature memory deallocation. Subsequent access to the freed buffers allowed remote code execution without user interaction beyond receiving the malicious file.
Mitigation
- Memory-safe languages — use Rust, Go, Swift, or other languages with automatic memory management
- Smart pointers — employ RAII patterns and reference counting (unique_ptr, shared_ptr in C++)
- AddressSanitizer (ASAN) — detect UAF during testing through instrumented builds
- Immediate pointer nullification — set pointers to NULL after free() to cause immediate crashes rather than exploitable conditions
- Garbage collection — languages with GC prevent manual memory management errors
- Control Flow Integrity (CFI) — limits exploit impact by validating function pointer targets
- Heap hardening — allocator metadata protection and delayed reuse policies increase exploitation difficulty
Recent CVEs (6821)
Local privilege escalation in Linux kernel IPv6 address configuration subsystem enables authenticated local users to gain high-level system access through a use-after-free (UaF) condition in addrconf_permanent_addr(). Patch available across all maintained stable kernel series (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0) with fixes backported from commit f1705ec197e7. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests minimal active exploitation likelihood, no KEV listing or public POC identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free (UAF) in Linux kernel Bluetooth subsystem allows adjacent network attackers to trigger memory corruption via malformed LE Read Features Complete responses. The vulnerability occurs when hci_conn is freed before le_read_features_complete callback executes but after hci_le_read_remote_features_sync initiates, causing atomic operations on freed memory during hci_conn_drop. Active exploitation status not confirmed (no CISA KEV listing). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low observed exploitation probability. Upstream patches committed to stable kernel branches 6.19.12+ and 7.0+.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel swap subsystem allows local authenticated users to achieve high-severity code execution, integrity violations, or denial of service. The vulnerability stems from multiple kernel subsystems (SLUB, shmem, TTM) failing to clear page->private fields before freeing memory, causing stale pointers to persist when pages are reallocated and split. The swap code then dereferences these uninitialized LIST_POISON values during swapoff operations, triggering KASAN-detected wild memory access. Patches available across kernel versions 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and 7.0, with EPSS score of 0.02% indicating low observed exploitation probability despite CVSS 7.8 rating.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel ESP (IPsec) allows local authenticated attackers to decrypt shared memory fragments improperly, potentially exposing encrypted network traffic or causing memory corruption. Affects kernel versions 6.5+ where MSG_SPLICE_PAGES can attach pipe pages directly to UDP socket buffers. The IPv4/IPv6 datagram paths fail to mark spliced pages as shared, causing ESP input decryption to modify memory not privately owned by the packet buffer. Public exploit code exists (POC available on GitHub), EPSS score is low (0.01%) indicating limited widespread exploitation risk, and vendor patches are available across affected stable kernel branches (6.6.138, 6.12.87, 6.18.28, 7.0.5).
Use-after-free memory corruption in PHP 8.2.x enables remote attackers to achieve high-impact exploitation through network-accessible attack vectors, despite high attack complexity and specific timing requirements. PHP 8.2.31 addresses this vulnerability along with seven other security issues in a coordinated security release. The CVSS v4.0 score of 9.5 reflects both confidentiality and integrity impact across vulnerable and subsequent systems, with high availability impact. No public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, but the vendor urgency indicator (U:Red) and release coordinator emphasis (RE:M) signal critical priority for organizations running PHP 8.2.x in production environments.
Use-after-free memory corruption in Firefox's DOM Networking component enables remote attackers to achieve unauthorized information disclosure, data manipulation, and service disruption without authentication or user interaction. Affects Firefox mainline and both Extended Support Release (ESR) branches. Mozilla shipped patches in Firefox 150.0.2, Firefox ESR 140.10.2, and Firefox ESR 115.35.2. SSVC analysis indicates no confirmed exploitation but the vulnerability is fully automatable with partial technical impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. EPSS data not available but the network attack vector (AV:N) with no prerequisites (AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) presents significant exposure for unpatched installations.
Remote code execution within Chrome's sandbox allows arbitrary code execution via a malicious HTML page exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in WebRTC. Affects Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96. Despite high CVSS 8.8 scoring and RCE capability, exploitation requires user interaction (visiting a crafted page) and is confined to Chrome's sandbox, limiting system-level impact. Vendor patch released in Chrome 148.0.7778.96. No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) or public POC at time of analysis, though Chromium security team rated this as Low severity internally, suggesting limited real-world exploitability despite the technical impact.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome on macOS versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 enables attackers to execute arbitrary code within the browser's sandbox through a malicious HTML page exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in the Audio subsystem. The vulnerability requires user interaction (visiting a crafted webpage) but no authentication, with CVSS 8.8 rating reflecting high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Google has released patches in Chrome 148.0.7778.96; no active exploitation (KEV) or public POC has been identified at time of analysis, though the technical details are publicly accessible via Chromium issue tracker 495779613.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 on Linux, Mac, and ChromeOS allows remote attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's sandbox via a crafted HTML page exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in the printing subsystem. Despite the 8.3 CVSS score, Chromium rates this Low severity because exploitation requires a two-stage attack chain (initial renderer compromise followed by sandbox escape). Vendor patch released as Chrome 148.0.7778.96. No evidence of active exploitation or public POC identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 through a use-after-free vulnerability in the UI component. Attackers who have already compromised the renderer process can escape sandbox restrictions and execute arbitrary code by delivering a specially crafted HTML page requiring user interaction. Google has released patch version 148.0.7778.96. No active exploitation confirmed in CISA KEV at time of analysis, though the vulnerability requires prior renderer compromise which increases attack complexity beyond the CVSS AC:L rating suggests.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's WebRTC component (versions prior to 148.0.7778.96) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the browser's sandbox by exploiting a use-after-free memory corruption vulnerability via a malicious HTML page. While sandboxed, successful exploitation achieves high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact within the renderer process. EPSS data unavailable; not listed in CISA KEV, indicating no confirmed widespread exploitation at time of analysis. Vendor patch released as Chrome 148.0.7778.96.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's GPU component affects versions prior to 148.0.7778.96. An attacker who has already compromised the renderer process can escalate privileges to break out of Chrome's sandbox by exploiting a use-after-free memory corruption vulnerability via a specially crafted HTML page. This requires high attack complexity and user interaction (visiting a malicious page). No active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, and vendor-released patch (version 148.0.7778.96) is available. EPSS data not provided, but the combination of network vector, changed scope (S:C in CVSS), and sandbox escape capability makes this a priority update for Chrome deployments despite Chromium's 'Medium' internal severity rating.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's ReadingMode component (versions prior to 148.0.7778.96) allows attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to escape sandbox restrictions and execute arbitrary code on the underlying system. The vulnerability requires user interaction to visit a malicious webpage but exploitation complexity is low once renderer compromise is achieved. EPSS data not available; no CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis, indicating no confirmed widespread exploitation. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's WebAudio implementation (versions before 148.0.7778.96) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the browser sandbox by exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability through a malicious HTML page. The vulnerability requires user interaction (visiting a crafted page) but no authentication. Google has released Chrome 148.0.7778.96 to address this issue. EPSS data not available; no KEV listing or public POC identified at time of analysis, suggesting limited real-world exploitation observed despite the high CVSS score.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 via malicious extension exploitation of use-after-free in Views component. Successful exploitation requires convincing a user to install a crafted Chrome extension, after which the attacker can execute arbitrary code with Chrome's privileges. Google has released Chrome 148.0.7778.96 to address this vulnerability. No evidence of active exploitation (not listed in CISA KEV) or public proof-of-concept code identified at time of analysis. CVSS 7.5 severity driven by high attack complexity and required user interaction, which moderates real-world exploitation risk despite potential for full system compromise.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's DevTools component allows attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of the browser sandbox and execute code on the underlying system. Affects all Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96. Google has released version 148.0.7778.96 to patch this vulnerability. The attack requires high complexity and user interaction (visiting a malicious page), but successful exploitation enables complete system compromise with changed scope (S:C in CVSS vector), escalating from renderer-level access to full system access. No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) or public proof-of-concept identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the browser's sandbox by exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in the Blink rendering engine through a specially crafted HTML page. CVSS score of 8.8 reflects high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability, though exploitation requires user interaction (visiting a malicious webpage). EPSS data not available. Not listed in CISA KEV at time of analysis. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows remote attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox through a use-after-free vulnerability in the TopChrome component. Attack requires user interaction with a malicious HTML page and has high attack complexity. EPSS data not available; no active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows remote attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox via a use-after-free vulnerability in the Navigation component. This requires user interaction with a malicious HTML page and successful renderer compromise as a prerequisite, making it a two-stage attack requiring high attack complexity. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96. No public exploit or active exploitation (CISA KEV) identified at time of analysis. CVSS 8.3 (High) reflects the severe post-compromise impact (sandbox escape enabling system-level access), but real-world risk depends heavily on successful initial renderer compromise.
Use-after-free in Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine enables remote code execution inside the sandbox when users install a malicious extension. Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 are vulnerable to arbitrary code execution through specially crafted Chrome Extensions exploiting memory corruption in V8. CVSS rates this 8.8 (High) with network attack vector requiring user interaction. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96 per Google's May 2026 stable channel update. EPSS and KEV data not provided; exploitation requires social engineering to install malicious extension, limiting automated exploitation scenarios.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome before 148.0.7778.96 allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code within the Chrome sandbox by exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in the CSS rendering engine through a malicious webpage. Requires victim interaction (visiting attacker-controlled page) but needs no authentication. Vendor-released patch available as Chrome 148.0.7778.96. EPSS score not provided; no CISA KEV listing indicates no confirmed widespread exploitation at time of analysis, though browser vulnerabilities are high-value targets.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's MediaRecording component (versions prior to 148.0.7778.96) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code when victims perform specific UI interactions with a malicious webpage. The use-after-free vulnerability in memory management has been patched by Google in version 148.0.7778.96. EPSS data not available; no CISA KEV listing identified, suggesting no confirmed widespread exploitation at time of analysis, though publicly available exploit code exists per Chromium bug tracker disclosure.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome for Windows below version 148.0.7778.96 allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code within Chrome's sandbox via specially crafted HTML pages exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in the WebRTC implementation. CVSS score of 8.8 reflects high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. EPSS data not provided, but Google's 'High' severity classification and immediate patch release indicate active concern. No CISA KEV listing or public POC identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability is already patched.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome prior to version 148.0.7778.96 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the browser's sandbox by exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in the Presentation API through a specially crafted HTML page. User interaction is required (visiting a malicious webpage). EPSS data not available for this recent CVE. No public exploit confirmed at time of analysis, though the vulnerability has been patched by Google in the stable channel release.
Use-after-free memory corruption in Chrome Remote Desktop (Chromoting) on Windows enables local privilege escalation to SYSTEM via malicious file interaction. Attackers with local access can gain OS-level administrative control by inducing users to open specially crafted files processed by the Chromoting component. Patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96. No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV), but the local attack vector with low complexity and high impact warrants immediate patching for Windows Chrome deployments, especially in multi-user environments where privilege boundaries are critical.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome via ServiceWorker use-after-free allows remote attackers to break out of Chrome's security sandbox through a specially crafted HTML page. Affects all Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96. EPSS data not yet available for this recent CVE. Google has released a patch in version 148.0.7778.96. While rated high severity by Chromium project, the attack complexity is high (AC:H) and requires user interaction (UI:R), limiting widespread exploitation risk despite the critical scope change (S:C) indicating sandbox escape capability.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.96 enables attackers to execute arbitrary code by exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in the Passwords component through a malicious HTML page. User interaction (visiting the crafted page) is required. CVSS score of 8.8 reflects network-based attack requiring no authentication but requiring user interaction, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Vendor patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96. No public exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows remote attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox through a use-after-free vulnerability in the Skia graphics library. Exploitation requires user interaction with a malicious HTML page and successful prior renderer compromise, representing a second-stage attack rather than initial access. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), though the vulnerability's sandbox escape capability makes it valuable for targeted attack chains.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 enables remote attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox through a use-after-free vulnerability in the Aura UI framework. The attack requires user interaction with a malicious webpage and presents high attack complexity, but successfully chains renderer compromise with sandbox escape to achieve full system impact. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), though this vulnerability class is frequently targeted given Chrome's wide deployment and the high value of sandbox escapes.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's GPU component prior to version 148.0.7778.96 allows remote attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox via a use-after-free memory corruption vulnerability triggered by a malicious web page. This represents a critical second-stage attack where initial renderer compromise is chained with GPU exploitation to achieve full system access. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96. No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) or public proof-of-concept at time of analysis.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Windows allows attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's security sandbox via a use-after-free flaw in the Fullscreen API. Affects Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 on Windows platforms. Google has released a patch (version 148.0.7778.96) and rated this High severity. No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) or public proof-of-concept code at time of analysis, though the vulnerability requires initial renderer compromise making it a second-stage exploitation vector.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome for Windows versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows remote attackers who have already compromised the renderer process to break out of the Chrome sandbox via a use-after-free vulnerability in the Aura UI framework. The attack requires user interaction with a specially crafted HTML page and has high attack complexity (AC:H), but grants complete control over confidentiality, integrity, and availability with changed scope (S:C). No active exploitation confirmed in CISA KEV at time of analysis. EPSS data not provided, but the vulnerability targets a browser component with over 3 billion users globally.
Use-after-free in the Views component of Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 enables site isolation bypass after renderer compromise. A remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process can escape sandbox protections via a malicious HTML page, potentially accessing cross-origin data or executing code outside the renderer sandbox. Patch released by Google in version 148.0.7778.96. EPSS score of 0.02% (3rd percentile) indicates very low probability of exploitation in the wild currently, with no evidence of active exploitation or public proof-of-concept at time of analysis.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows remote attackers to break out of the browser's security sandbox through a use-after-free vulnerability in the Fullscreen API component. Attackers can deliver exploitation via a specially crafted HTML page requiring only user visit to the page (no additional interaction). With CVSS 9.6 (Critical) and scope change indicating containment breach, this represents a serious risk to browser security model integrity. No evidence of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV) and EPSS data not available at time of analysis.
Remote code execution within Chrome's sandbox affects all versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 via crafted HTML pages exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in DOM handling. Remote unauthenticated attackers can achieve arbitrary code execution with high integrity and confidentiality impact by convincing users to visit a malicious webpage. Vendor patch released (Chrome 148.0.7778.96). No confirmed active exploitation (not in CISA KEV), but the low attack complexity (AC:L) and publicly disclosed bug tracker entry (Chromium issue 496292089) increase exploitation risk. EPSS data not provided but RCE in widely-deployed browser warrants immediate patching despite sandbox containment limiting full system compromise.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.96 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the browser's sandbox through a use-after-free vulnerability in SVG rendering. User interaction (visiting a malicious webpage) is required, but no authentication is needed. Vendor-released patch available in Chrome 148.0.7778.96. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though CVSS score of 8.8 reflects high impact if successfully exploited.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome for macOS (versions prior to 148.0.7778.96) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the browser's sandbox by exploiting a use-after-free vulnerability in the ANGLE graphics library through a malicious HTML page. The vulnerability requires user interaction (visiting a crafted webpage) but can be exploited remotely without authentication. Google has released Chrome 148.0.7778.96 to address this high-severity memory corruption issue, which affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sandboxed browser processes.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's Chromoting component (remote desktop feature) on Linux allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code through specially crafted network packets when a user interacts with a malicious remote desktop session. Fixed in Chrome 148.0.7778.96. Vendor rates severity as Critical. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis, but the use-after-free class (CWE-416) is well-understood and exploitable. CVSS 8.8 reflects network attack vector with low complexity requiring only user interaction, enabling full system compromise (high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact).
Remote code execution in Google Chrome for iOS prior to version 148.0.7778.96 through use-after-free memory corruption in the mobile UI handler. Exploitation requires convincing a user to perform specific UI gestures while viewing a malicious HTML page. Google confirms Critical severity and has released a patched version. EPSS data unavailable; not currently listed in CISA KEV. Attack complexity is rated High due to the required user interaction pattern, limiting opportunistic exploitation but enabling targeted attacks via social engineering.
Use-after-free and reference count underflow in the Linux kernel's amdgpu DRM driver allows local authenticated users with low privileges to cause kernel panic, denial of service, and potentially execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vulnerability affects amdgpu_gem_va_ioctl handling of GPU timeline fences where stale or freed fences are used due to premature fence selection and improper reference management. Patch available in kernel versions 6.18.16, 6.19.6, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel's Atmel HLCDC DRM driver allows local authenticated users to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or cause denial of service. The atmel_hlcdc_plane_atomic_duplicate_state() function incorrectly copies plane state without properly duplicating the drm_plane_state structure, leaving a stale commit pointer that triggers use-after-free during subsequent drm_atomic_commit() calls. Vulnerability surfaces when reopening the device node while another DRM client remains attached. EPSS score is low (0.02%) and no active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis, but local privilege escalation potential and vendor-released patches across multiple stable kernel branches indicate genuine risk for systems using Atmel HLCDC display hardware.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel farsync driver allows remote code execution when FarSync T-series WAN cards are detached while tasklets remain active. The vulnerability occurs when fst_tx_task or fst_int_task continue executing after fst_card_info is freed in fst_remove_one(), causing the kernel to access deallocated memory. Despite the CVSS 8.8 score with network vector, the EPSS score is extremely low (0.02%, 7th percentile), suggesting minimal real-world exploitation likelihood. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV). Patches available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0).
Use-after-free in Linux kernel fore200e ATM driver allows local attackers to achieve high-severity impacts during PCA-200E or SBA-200E adapter removal. When the device is detached, tx_tasklet or rx_tasklet may still be running and access already-freed memory in fore200e_tx_tasklet() or fore200e_rx_tasklet(), potentially leading to code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service. Patches available across stable kernel branches (5.10.252, 5.15.202, 6.1.165, 6.6.128, 6.12.75, 6.18.16, 6.19.6, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability. Not listed in CISA KEV. Identified through static analysis, suggesting no active in-the-wild exploitation at time of disclosure.
Local privilege escalation and memory corruption in the Linux kernel's GPIO-based reset controller driver (reset-gpio) allows a privileged local user to trigger a use-after-free by unbinding the dynamically-created reset device through sysfs while a reset control handle is still held. The reset-gpio device is meant to persist in memory permanently and lacks a devlink to its consumer, so any subsequent access to the dangling reset control handle produces a UAF splat and potential kernel memory corruption. EPSS is very low (0.02%) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; the issue is a defense-in-depth hardening fix rather than a remotely exploitable flaw.
Race condition in Linux kernel HID roccat driver enables local privilege escalation through use-after-free memory corruption. Local authenticated attackers can exploit concurrent access to device reader lists during roccat_report_event() operations, achieving arbitrary code execution with high integrity impact (CVSS 7.8). Vendor-released patches available across multiple kernel branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability despite moderate severity, suggesting limited weaponization in current threat landscape.
Local privilege escalation in Linux kernel netfilter nfnetlink_queue allows authenticated users with low privileges to execute arbitrary code with high integrity and availability impact via race condition in shared hash table. The vulnerability stems from a use-after-free condition when multiple queues share a global hash table, enabling parallel CPU operations to access freed nf_queue_entry structures. EPSS score is low (0.02%, 5th percentile) indicating minimal observed exploitation activity. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14) with upstream commits confirmed.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel's OCFS2 filesystem allows local attackers with user interaction to achieve arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service via crafted filesystem images. Affects kernels since initial OCFS2 implementation (2.6.16+) through 6.19.13. Vendor patches available across all supported stable branches (6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low probability of mass exploitation, though CVSS 7.8 reflects high impact if triggered. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public POC identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Redis 7.2.0 through 8.6.2 allows authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution by exploiting error handling in the unblock client flow. When a blocked client is evicted during command re-execution, the server fails to handle the error return from processCommandAndResetClient, triggering memory corruption. Redis has released version 8.6.3 with a security fix. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis, suggesting limited observed exploitation despite the critical RCE impact.
Use-after-free vulnerability in Qualcomm Snapdragon chipsets enables local privilege escalation to achieve full device compromise. Low-privilege authenticated users can trigger memory corruption during performance counter deselect operations, gaining high-integrity code execution with kernel-level access. Qualcomm has released patches in their May 2026 security bulletin. EPSS data not yet available for this future-dated CVE; no confirmed active exploitation or public exploit code identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Imagination Graphics DDK GPU GLES user-space library allows authenticated remote attackers to crash the GPU render process via crafted WebGPU content. CVSS 8.1 (High) with network vector and low complexity. On platforms where the GPU process runs with elevated system privileges, successful exploitation could enable system-level compromise beyond the initial crash. EPSS and KEV data not provided; SSVC framework indicates no confirmed exploitation, non-automatable attack, but total technical impact. Vendor patches available across affected DDK versions 1.18, 23.2, 24.1-24.2, and 25.1-25.3.
Remote authenticated attackers can execute code or cause persistent denial-of-service in Imagination Technologies Graphics DDK by triggering a use-after-free in the GPU GLES render process via specially crafted WebGPU content. On platforms where the GPU driver runs with elevated system privileges, successful exploitation enables device-level compromise beyond the browser sandbox. EPSS data not available, no CISA KEV listing identified, no public POC confirmed. SSVC framework indicates no active exploitation and non-automatable attack requiring authenticated interaction.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel ksmbd (SMB server) during durable file handle scavenging allows memory corruption and potential remote code execution. When a durable SMB2 file handle survives session disconnect, the cleanup path dereferences a freed connection object via NULL fp->conn pointer during lock cleanup, causing a slab use-after-free. Exploitation probability is extremely low (EPSS 0.02%, 5th percentile) with no active exploitation confirmed. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.84, 6.18.25, 7.0.2, 7.1-rc1) address the asymmetric cleanup by properly managing byte-range lock lifetimes during durable handle reconnection.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel F2FS filesystem allows local authenticated attackers to trigger kernel panic or potentially achieve code execution. The vulnerability (CWE-416) occurs during concurrent write callback and unmount operations when f2fs_write_end_io() decrements page count before checking node inode validity, leading to NULL pointer dereference. Discovered via xfstests generic/107 and syzbot fuzzing. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 4th percentile), no active exploitation confirmed. Vendor patches available across stable kernel branches 6.18.25, 7.0.2, and 7.1-rc1.
Use-after-free condition in Linux kernel writeback subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to potentially execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or trigger kernel crashes. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions 6.18.x through 7.1-rc1 and arises from improper synchronization between work queue processing and memory deallocation in inode_switch_wbs_work_fn(). Vendor patches are available across stable kernel branches (6.18.25, 7.0.2, 7.1-rc1) with low EPSS score (0.02%) indicating minimal observed exploitation activity, though the CVSS 7.8 score reflects significant impact if successfully exploited by authenticated local users.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel f2fs compressed writeback allows local authenticated users to trigger memory corruption, potentially executing arbitrary code or causing system crashes. Affects f2fs-compressed filesystems in Linux kernel 5.6 through 7.1-rc2, with patches available in 6.6.136, 6.12.84, 7.0.2, and 7.1-rc1. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability despite CVSS 7.8 rating. This mirrors CVE-2026-23234's race condition pattern but in the compression code path that was missed by the earlier fix. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public POC identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel virt_wifi driver allows local authenticated users to trigger memory corruption during ethtool operations on virtual WiFi devices being unregistered. The vulnerability stems from improper device parent reference handling via SET_NETDEV_DEV, where ethnl_ops_begin() calls pm_runtime_get_sync() on already-freed memory when a virt_wifi device unregisters concurrently with ethtool operations. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though CVSS 7.8 reflects potential for complete system compromise if successfully triggered.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel's MANA network driver allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute code with kernel privileges. The flaw occurs when auxiliary_device_add() fails in add_adev(), triggering cleanup that frees memory still referenced by subsequent error-handling code. Patches available across stable kernel branches (6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low probability of widespread exploitation. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Race condition in Linux kernel ATM LEC driver allows local attackers with low privileges to trigger use-after-free memory corruption in sock_def_readable(), potentially achieving arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service. The flaw affects systems using ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) LAN Emulation Client functionality, present since Linux kernel version 2.4 (commit 1da177e4c3f4). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) suggests low probability of mass exploitation. Vendor patches available across all maintained stable branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). Not listed in CISA KEV; no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel HID subsystem allows local attackers with low privileges to achieve arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service when force feedback initialization fails on Logitech G920 racing wheels. The vulnerability occurs when userspace continues accessing freed memory structures (sysfs and /dev/input) after initialization errors. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low probability of mass exploitation, consistent with hardware-specific local attack surface requiring physical device presence.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel netfilter subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vulnerability occurs when unregistering connection tracking helpers - expectations referencing the helper survive cleanup and later dereference the freed helper object during expectation dumps or new connection establishment. Vendor-released patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability; no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel Bluetooth subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high privileges. The vulnerability exists in set_cig_params_sync where hci_conn objects can be freed or modified concurrently during lookup and field access due to inadequate locking. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.6, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Linux Kernel Bluetooth stack allows adjacent network attackers to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or cause denial of service without authentication. The vulnerability exists in hci_le_remote_conn_param_req_evt where hci_conn lookup and field access occurs outside the hdev lock protection, enabling concurrent memory corruption. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel's BPF sockmap implementation allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vulnerability occurs in sk_psock_verdict_data_ready() when handling AF_UNIX sockets, where sk->sk_socket can be accessed after being freed following sock_orphan(). This affects Linux kernel versions 5.15 through 6.19.12, with patches available for stable branches 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates very low observed exploitation probability in the wild, and no active exploitation or public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel macb driver allows local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service or potentially escalate privileges during module removal. The vulnerability occurs in the PCI glue driver when platform_device_unregister() triggers a runtime resume callback that attempts to access already-freed clock structures. EPSS score is low (0.02%) with no evidence of active exploitation. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0).
Use-after-free in Linux kernel GPIB subsystem allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or crash the system. The vulnerability occurs in IBRD, IBWRT, IBCMD, and IBWAIT ioctl handlers when concurrent IBCLOSEDEV calls free descriptors still in use by I/O operations. EPSS probability is very low (0.02%, 4th percentile), indicating minimal observed exploitation activity. Vendor patches available for stable branches 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0 via commits cae26eff, 28c75dd1, and d1857f82.
Use-after-free condition in Linux kernel USB Test and Measurement Class (USBTMC) driver allows local authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The vulnerability occurs when the usbtmc_release function fails to properly flush pending anchored URBs, leaving dangling references that can be exploited in the HCD giveback path. Vendor patches are available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0). Despite the high CVSS score of 7.8, the EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.02% (7th percentile), indicating limited real-world targeting, and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel thermal subsystem allows local attackers with low privileges to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or crash the system. The vulnerability stems from race conditions between thermal zone removal and power management resume operations, where delayed work items can continue executing after thermal zone objects are freed. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low probability of mass exploitation despite high CVSS severity. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.83, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0) via upstream commits. No active exploitation confirmed in CISA KEV at time of analysis.
Renderer-level arbitrary code execution in Google Chrome's Media component affects all desktop builds prior to 147.0.7727.138, where a use-after-free (CWE-416) lets a remote attacker run code inside the browser sandbox when a victim loads a crafted HTML page. Google's own Chrome team reported it and Chromium rated it Medium severity because execution is confined to the sandboxed renderer rather than the host. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is very low at 0.04% (11th percentile), so no confirmed active exploitation exists.
Sandboxed remote code execution in Google Chrome's WebRTC component affects all desktop builds prior to 147.0.7727.138, where a crafted HTML page triggers a use-after-free (CWE-416) that lets a remote attacker run arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox. Google rates the Chromium severity as High and has shipped a fix in the Stable channel; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the EPSS probability is negligible (0.01%). Exploitation requires the victim to visit an attacker-controlled page (UI:R), and code execution is confined to the sandbox unless chained with a separate sandbox-escape bug.
Sandboxed arbitrary code execution in Google Chrome for Android (WebView component) before 147.0.7727.138 allows a remote attacker to run code within the renderer sandbox by luring a victim to a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free (CWE-416) rated High by Chromium and CVSS 8.8; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.03%). Exploitation requires user interaction (visiting attacker content) and, per the description, execution is contained inside the sandbox rather than achieving a full sandbox escape.
Heap corruption in Google Chrome's Cast component (versions prior to 147.0.7727.138) allows an attacker positioned on the same local network segment to trigger a use-after-free via malicious network traffic, potentially leading to code execution within the browser process. The flaw was reported internally by the Chrome team and carries a High Chromium severity, but there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS scores exploitation probability at effectively 0%. It is not listed in CISA KEV, and CISA's SSVC assessment marks exploitation as none and the attack as not automatable.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's Chromoting (Chrome Remote Desktop) component affects all desktop versions prior to 147.0.7727.138, where a use-after-free flaw lets a remote attacker corrupt memory and run arbitrary code by sending malicious network traffic to an active remote-desktop session. Google rates it High severity; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, with an EPSS probability of only 0.01% (2nd percentile). A vendor patch is available, and SSVC scores exploitation as none but technical impact as total.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's WebRTC component (versions prior to 147.0.7727.138) allows a remote attacker to run arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox by luring a victim to a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free memory corruption reported by Google's own Chrome team; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. EPSS is very low (0.01%), and CISA SSVC scores exploitation as 'none', indicating no observed exploitation despite the high technical severity.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome desktop before 147.0.7727.138 lets a remote attacker run arbitrary code inside the renderer sandbox by luring a victim to a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free in the media component. Google rates the Chromium severity High and has shipped a fix; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.04%, 11th percentile). Notably the description confines code execution to inside the sandbox, so a separate sandbox-escape bug would be required for full host compromise.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome desktop before 147.0.7727.138 stems from a use-after-free in the browser's Codecs component, letting a remote attacker who lures a victim to a crafted HTML page corrupt memory and run arbitrary code within Chrome's renderer sandbox. Rated High severity by Chromium with CVSS 8.8, it requires user interaction (visiting a malicious page) but no authentication. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; EPSS is very low at 0.01%.
Sandboxed remote code execution in Google Chrome's Cast component affects all desktop builds prior to 147.0.7727.138, where a CWE-416 use-after-free lets an attacker on the same local network segment run arbitrary code inside the Chromium sandbox by sending malicious network traffic. Chromium rates the flaw High severity, but SSVC records no observed exploitation and EPSS is 0.00%, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. Google has shipped a fixed Stable channel build.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's WebMIDI component (versions prior to 147.0.7727.138) allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the browser sandbox using a crafted HTML page. Rated High by Chromium and carrying a CVSS of 8.3 with a scope-change (S:C) impact, it is a use-after-free (CWE-416) that Google has patched in the Stable channel. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.01%.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome for Android (Media component) prior to 147.0.7727.138 lets a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process break out of the browser sandbox by serving a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free (CWE-416). Chromium rates the severity High and a vendor patch is available; no public exploit is identified, EPSS is very low (0.01%, 1st percentile), and SSVC records exploitation status 'none'. It is a second-stage escape rather than an initial-access primitive, so it must be chained with a prior renderer compromise to have real impact.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome desktop builds prior to 147.0.7727.138 arises from a use-after-free in the Navigation component, letting a remote attacker who lures a victim to a crafted HTML page corrupt memory and execute arbitrary code in the renderer context. Chromium rates the flaw High severity and CVSS scores it 8.8, but there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low at 0.04% (11th percentile). A vendor patch is available and CISA's SSVC framework currently records exploitation as none.
Heap corruption in the GPU component of Google Chrome before 147.0.7727.138 lets an attacker who has already compromised the renderer process escalate impact via a use-after-free triggered by a crafted HTML page. This is a High-severity Chromium memory-corruption bug reported internally by Chrome, with a vendor patch shipped in the April 2026 stable channel update and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is minimal (0.01%) and CISA SSVC records exploitation status as none, though technical impact is rated total.
Heap corruption in the Views UI component of Google Chrome on macOS (versions prior to 147.0.7727.138) lets a remote attacker trigger a use-after-free by luring a victim to a crafted HTML page, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. Rated High by Chromium with a CVSS of 8.8; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is very low (0.01%), and CISA SSVC lists exploitation as none.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome desktop before 147.0.7727.138 arises from a use-after-free in the Animation component (CWE-416), allowing a remote attacker who lures a victim to a crafted HTML page to execute arbitrary code, though execution is constrained to inside the renderer sandbox. Chromium rates the severity High and a vendor patch is available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is very low (0.01%), and CISA SSVC marks exploitation as none.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's ANGLE graphics abstraction layer (versions prior to 147.0.7727.138) lets an attacker who already controls a compromised renderer process break out of the browser sandbox by loading a crafted HTML page. Rated High severity by Chromium with a CVSS of 8.8, it is a use-after-free (CWE-416) memory-corruption bug used as the second stage of a browser exploit chain. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is negligible (0.01%), and CISA's SSVC framework records exploitation status as none.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's GPU process prior to 147.0.7727.138 lets a remote attacker corrupt memory via a use-after-free when a victim visits a crafted HTML page, potentially breaking out of the renderer sandbox. Rated High by Chromium and scored CVSS 9.6 due to the scope change (S:C) inherent to a sandbox escape, though it requires user interaction (visiting a page). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is very low (0.03%), and it is not on CISA KEV.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome for Windows (versions prior to 147.0.7727.138) stems from a use-after-free in the Views UI component, allowing an attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the browser sandbox and gain broader code execution on the host via a crafted HTML page. Chromium rates the internal severity as Critical, though the assigned CVSS is 7.5 due to the high attack complexity and the renderer-compromise prerequisite. This is a second-stage bug: there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is very low (0.03%, 10th percentile), and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Windows (versions prior to 147.0.7727.138) leverages a use-after-free flaw in the browser's Accessibility component, allowing a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the sandbox and gain higher-privileged code execution via a crafted HTML page. Rated Critical by Chromium and CVSS 8.8, the bug is patched but has no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and its EPSS score is very low (0.01%). This is a second-stage primitive typically chained with a separate renderer-RCE bug rather than exploited in isolation.
Heap corruption via use-after-free in Google Chrome (iOS) before 147.0.7727.138 allows a remote attacker to potentially execute code or crash the browser when a victim opens a crafted HTML page. Chromium rates the flaw Critical severity, though there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability is negligible (0.01%). Exploitation requires the victim to load attacker-controlled web content (UI:R).
Remote code execution in Google Chrome (Canvas component) on Linux and ChromeOS before 147.0.7727.138 lets a remote attacker run arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox by luring a victim to a crafted HTML page. Rated Critical by Chromium, the flaw is a Canvas use-after-free (CWE-416); code execution is confined to the sandboxed renderer rather than the host OS. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.01%), though SSVC rates technical impact as total and the attack as automatable.
Use-after-free in Linux kernel driver core allows local authenticated users to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or crash the system via race condition in device-driver binding operations. The vulnerability stems from inconsistent locking in driver_match_device() function calls, specifically affecting driver_override functionality where device_lock was not held during bind_store() and __driver_attach() operations. EPSS probability is very low (0.02%, 5th percentile), indicating minimal real-world exploitation observed. No active exploitation confirmed - no CISA KEV listing identified. Patch available in kernel 7.0+ and backport commit dc23806a7c47.
Use-after-free in Foxit PDF Reader and Foxit PDF Editor allows arbitrary code execution when specially crafted PDF documents trigger UI refresh operations after comment deletion via scripting. Local attackers can deliver malicious PDFs and achieve code execution with high integrity and confidentiality impact once a user opens the file. CVSS 7.8 indicates high severity but requires user interaction, limiting automated exploitation. No public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.