Information Disclosure

Windows Remote Procedure Call (RPC) discloses sensitive information to local authenticated users in Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016-2025. An authorized attacker with local access and limited privileges can read confidential data without user interaction, affecting multiple Windows editions across a 9-year product span. Patch availability confirmed from Microsoft; no active exploitation reported.

Local privilege escalation in Windows SSDP Service (all Windows 10, 11, and Server versions from 2012 onwards) enables low-privileged authenticated users to gain SYSTEM-level access by exploiting a race condition in shared resource handling. The vulnerability requires low privileges and high attack complexity (CVSS AC:H), resulting in complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Vendor-released patches are available for all affected versions with specific build numbers pr

Local privilege escalation in Windows SSDP Service across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012-2025 allows authenticated users with low privileges to gain SYSTEM-level access by exploiting a race condition in shared resource handling. Attack complexity is high (AC:H), requiring precise timing to win the race window. Patch available per vendor advisory; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Windows File Explorer information disclosure vulnerability in Windows 10 and Windows 11 allows authenticated local users to access sensitive information without authorization. The vulnerability affects multiple Windows 10 versions (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 versions (22H3 through 26H1), and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Microsoft has released patches addressing this CWE-200 information exposure flaw, with no evidence of active exploitation at the time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds read in Windows GDI (Graphics Device Interface) allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information without authentication. The vulnerability affects Windows 10 versions 21H2 and 22H2, Windows 11 versions 22H3 through 26H1, and Windows Server 2022/2025, requiring user interaction to trigger. Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions, with specific build numbers provided for remediation.

Windows LUAFV driver privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition allows authenticated local attackers with low privileges to gain SYSTEM-level access across all supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions (2012 through 2025). The vulnerability requires high attack complexity to exploit the narrow timing window between security checks and file operations. Vendor-released patch available across all affected platforms. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though th

Privilege escalation in Windows Projected File System across Windows 10, 11, and Server versions allows authenticated local users to gain SYSTEM-level privileges by exploiting a race condition during concurrent file system operations. Affects all currently supported Windows versions from Server 2019 through Windows 11 26H1. Microsoft released patches in their latest security update cycle. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the low attack complexity (AC:L) and minimal privil

Local privilege escalation in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver (all Windows 10/11 and Server 2019/2022/2025 versions) allows low-privileged authenticated users to gain SYSTEM-level access through a race condition vulnerability. Attack requires high complexity timing manipulation of shared resources in the kernel-mode filter driver. Vendor-released patches available for all affected versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the authenticated local attack vector and detailed version-specific fix data suggest moderate real-world deployment risk in multi-user Windows environments.

Local privilege escalation in Windows TCP/IP stack across Windows 10, 11, and Server editions allows low-privileged authenticated users to gain SYSTEM-level access by exploiting a race condition in shared resource synchronization. This CWE-362 flaw affects every supported Windows version from legacy Server 2012 through cutting-edge Windows 11 26H1, with vendor-released patches available. The local attack vector (AV:L) and high complexity (AC:H) reduce immediate mass-exploitation risk, though the

Local privilege escalation in Windows Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) Device Host affects all supported Windows versions from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Authenticated local attackers with low privileges can exploit an untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822) to achieve complete system compromise with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, thoug

Windows Shell privilege escalation affects Windows 10 (1809+), Windows 11 (all versions through 26H1), and Windows Server 2019-2025 via a race condition vulnerability (CWE-362). Local authenticated attackers with low-privilege access can exploit concurrent execution flaws to gain SYSTEM-level privileges with low attack complexity and no user interaction required (CVSS 7.8). Vendor-released patches are available for all affected versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though t

Local privilege escalation in Windows Storage Spaces Controller across Windows 11 (versions 22H3 through 26H1) and Windows Server 2022/2025 allows low-privileged authenticated users to achieve SYSTEM-level access via an integer underflow vulnerability. The flaw enables complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability on affected systems. EPSS risk data not available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Vendor-released patches are available for all affected versions.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Kernel via double free vulnerability enables low-privileged authenticated users to gain SYSTEM-level access across Windows 11 (versions 22H3 through 26H1) and Windows Server 2022/2025. The vulnerability requires local access and low privileges (PR:L) but presents low attack complexity (AC:L) with no user interaction required. Vendor-released patches are available for all affected versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the straightforward attack complexity and severe impact make this a priority for patching in enterprise environments.

Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) race condition enables local privilege escalation to SYSTEM on Windows 10, 11, and Server 2012-2025. Authenticated users with low-level privileges can exploit improper synchronization in concurrent execution paths to gain full system control. Attack complexity is high (AC:H), requiring precise timing to win the race window. Vendor-released patches available for all affected versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the high CVSS 7.0 s

Local privilege escalation in Windows Push Notifications across Windows 10/11 and Server 2016-2025 allows low-privileged authenticated users to gain SYSTEM-level access via race condition exploitation. The vulnerability affects all currently supported Windows versions with confirmed vendor patches available. Attack complexity is low with no user interaction required, enabling straightforward exploitation once local access is obtained. The scope change (S:C) indicates the attacker can impact reso

Local privilege escalation in Windows Shell via double-free memory corruption allows low-privileged authenticated users to gain SYSTEM-level access across Windows 11 (versions 22H3 through 26H1) and Windows Server 2022/2025 environments. The CWE-415 double-free vulnerability requires high attack complexity but no user interaction, enabling complete system compromise once exploited. Vendor-released patches are available with specific build numbers identified for each affected version. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the CVSS 7.0 score reflects significant impact potential when successfully exploited.

Type confusion in Windows OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) enables authenticated local attackers to escalate privileges across all supported Windows 10, 11, and Server versions (2012-2025). The memory corruption flaw allows low-privileged users to execute code with elevated permissions through incompatible type handling. Vendor-released patches are available for all affected versions. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the low attack complexity (AC:L) and lack of user interaction (UI:N) make this accessible to attackers with basic local access.

Local privilege escalation in Windows Sensor Data Service affects all supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions through untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822). Authenticated local attackers with low-privilege accounts can exploit this vulnerability with low complexity to gain SYSTEM-level privileges, achieving full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Vendor-released patches are available across all affected product lines. No public exploit identified

Microsoft Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) information disclosure vulnerability allows authenticated network attackers to read sensitive memory contents via a bounds check bypass in the LSASS process. The vulnerability affects Windows 10 (versions 1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (versions 22H3, 23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1), Windows Server 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been reported; vendor-released patches are available across all affected versions.

Race condition in Microsoft AppLocker Filter Driver (applockerfltr.sys) allows local authenticated users with low privileges to elevate to SYSTEM through improper synchronization of shared resources. Affects Windows 11 (22H2 through 26H1) and Windows Server 2022/2025 editions. Vendor-released patch available as of April 2025 security updates. CVSS 7.0 reflects high attack complexity but complete system compromise if successful. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the local privilege escalation vector makes this valuable for post-compromise lateral movement in enterprise environments.

Privilege escalation in Windows Management Services (all supported Windows 10/11 and Server versions) allows authenticated local attackers with low privileges to gain high-level system access via race condition exploitation. Vendor-released patches are available for all affected versions. CVSS score of 7.8 reflects high complexity attack requiring precise timing but enabling full system compromise with changed scope. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the race condition cla

Out-of-bounds read in Adobe InDesign Desktop versions 20.5.2, 21.2, and earlier enables arbitrary code execution when users open malicious files. Attack requires local access and user interaction (CVSS AV:L/UI:R) but no authentication (PR:N), allowing attackers with file delivery capability to execute code as the victim user. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerability class (CWE-125 out-of-bounds read) is well-understood and commonly weaponized in document processors.

Prototype pollution in Adobe Acrobat Reader versions 26.001.21411, 24.001.30360, 24.001.30362 and earlier allows arbitrary file system read operations in the context of the current user when a victim opens a malicious PDF or document. The vulnerability requires user interaction but enables confidentiality compromise with high impact; no active exploitation confirmed but the attack surface is broad given Acrobat Reader's ubiquity in document handling.

Hard-coded cryptographic keys in Fortinet FortiClientEMS 7.4.0 through 7.4.5 allow local authenticated attackers with high privileges to disclose sensitive information and potentially modify system configurations. An attacker with administrative access can extract or leverage these embedded keys to compromise confidentiality and integrity of protected data. This vulnerability requires local access and elevated privileges, limiting but not eliminating real-world risk in multi-user or compromised endpoint scenarios.

An exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerability in Fortinet FortiNDR 7.6.0, FortiNDR 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiNDR 7.2 all versions, FortiNDR 7.1 all versions, FortiNDR. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

Fortinet FortiSOAR transmits sensitive information in cleartext over the network, allowing authenticated remote attackers to disclose confidential data. The vulnerability affects both PaaS and on-premise deployments across versions 7.3 through 7.6.x, with CVSS 6.5 reflecting moderate confidentiality impact requiring low-privilege authentication. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.

Fortinet FortiSOAR (both PaaS and on-premise versions 7.3-7.6.x) transmits sensitive authentication credentials in cleartext in API responses for Secure Message Exchange and RADIUS configurations, allowing authenticated attackers with network access to intercept and view passwords. The vulnerability requires user interaction (UI:R) and prior authentication (PR:L), affecting confidentiality of stored credentials in these integrations with a CVSS score of 5.7.

Fortinet FortiSOAR stores LDAP service account passwords in a recoverable format, allowing authenticated high-privilege remote attackers to retrieve plaintext or weakly protected credentials by modifying the LDAP server address in configuration. This affects FortiSOAR PaaS and on-premise versions 7.3 through 7.6.4. The vulnerability requires high-level administrative authentication and poses a confidentiality risk to stored credentials, with no evidence of active exploitation or public exploit code at time of analysis.

Fortinet FortiSOAR PaaS and on-premise versions 7.3 through 7.6.4 store connector passwords in a recoverable format, allowing authenticated remote attackers to retrieve plaintext or weakly encrypted credentials for multiple installed connectors by modifying the server address in connector configuration. This affects security orchestration workflows that depend on connector authentication for external integrations.

Insufficiently protected credentials in Fortinet FortiSandbox 5.0.0-5.0.5, 4.4.x, and FortiSandbox PaaS 5.0.1-5.0.5 allow authenticated administrators to read LDAP server credentials via client-side inspection. This low-severity information disclosure requires high-privilege authentication and network access, exposing only credential confidentiality without enabling modification or denial of service.

Schneider Electric PowerChute™ Serial Shutdown versions 1.4 and prior expose confidential information through log file insertion when a Web Admin user executes a malicious file supplied by an attacker. The vulnerability (CWE-532) results in low confidentiality impact with local access required and user interaction; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified, and the overall CVSS score of 2.4 reflects limited real-world risk despite information disclosure classification.

Improper validation of input quantity in Schneider Electric PowerChute Serial Shutdown versions 1.4 and prior allows authenticated Web Admin users to truncate event and data logs via crafted POST /logsettings requests, compromising log integrity and audit trail reliability. The vulnerability requires valid admin credentials and network access but poses direct impact to forensic and compliance capabilities. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.

A side-channel vulnerability exists in the implementation of BIP-39 mnemonic processing, as observed in Trezor One v1.13.0 to v1.14.0, Trezor T v1.13.0 to v1.14.0, and Trezor Safe v1.13.0 to v1.14.0 hardware wallets. This originates from the BIP-39 standard guidelines, which induce non-constant time execution and specific branch patterns for word searching. An attacker with physical access during the initial setup phase can collect a single side-channel trace. By utilizing profiling-based Deep Learning Side-Channel Analysis (DL-SCA), the attacker can recover the mnemonic code and subsequently steal the assets. The issue was patched.

Schneider Electric PowerChute Serial Shutdown v1.4 and prior allows remote credential brute force attacks due to missing rate limiting on authentication endpoints, enabling attackers to enumerate valid credentials across multiple API endpoints with no authentication prerequisite. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 6.9 with network-based attack vector and no user interaction required, though the impact is limited to information disclosure rather than full account takeover.

Ivanti Neurons for ITSM before version 2025.4 allows authenticated attackers to retain access to disabled accounts via an unprotected alternate authentication path, enabling persistent unauthorized information disclosure. The vulnerability affects both on-premise and cloud deployments and requires user interaction (UI:R), limiting but not eliminating real-world risk in multi-user environments where account disablement is a critical security control.

Progress OpenEdge 12.2.0-12.2.18 and 12.8.0-12.8.9 expose stored passwords and secrets to decryption through cryptographically weak OECH1 prefix encoding. Remote unauthenticated attackers can exploit this weakness to recover obfuscated credentials and sensitive data (CVSS 9.1, VC:H/VI:H). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the vulnerability is automatable with total technical impact per SSVC framework, making credential harvesting straightforward once encoding is accessed.

Progress OpenEdge AdminServer exposes authenticated RMI methods allowing arbitrary file reads with escalated OS privileges across versions 12.2.0-12.2.18. Authenticated administrators can abuse setFile() and openFile() RMI methods to read sensitive files beyond their intended access level, leveraging the AdminServer process's elevated system permissions. EPSS data not available; no CISA KEV listing indicates no confirmed active exploitation, though SSVC marks exploitation status as 'none' with partial technical impact. The vulnerable methods have been removed in patched versions.

Misconfigured .NET impersonation in upKeeper Instant Privilege Access through version 1.5.0 enables authenticated remote attackers to hijack privileged execution threads, leading to high confidentiality and integrity impact on underlying system resources. The vulnerability requires low-level privileges and presents network-based attack vector with high complexity. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC framework classifies this as non-automatable with partial technical impact. EPSS data not available for risk quantification.

Authentication bypass in Siemens Industrial Edge Management systems (Pro V1 ≥1.7.6 <1.15.17, Pro V2 ≥2.0.0 <2.1.1, Virtual ≥2.2.0 <2.8.0) allows unauthenticated remote attackers with user interaction to impersonate legitimate users and tunnel to managed devices when remote connection features are enabled. Exploitation requires knowledge of connection headers and ports but does not bypass device-level application authentication. No public exploit identified at time of analysis. CVSS 7.1 with network attack vector, low complexity, and no authentication required (PR:N), indicating moderate real-world risk for industrial environments with exposed management interfaces.

Improper TLS certificate validation in Siemens Software Center, Simcenter 3D, Simcenter Femap, Simcenter STAR-CCM+, Solid Edge SE2025/SE2026, and Tecnomatix Plant Simulation allows unauthenticated remote attackers to perform man-in-the-middle attacks against the Analytics Service endpoint. An attacker positioned on the network path can intercept and decrypt communications, potentially disclosing sensitive information. CVSS 3.7 reflects low-severity impact; no public exploit or active exploitation confirmed, but the low attack complexity and network vector indicate practical exploitability in targeted enterprise environments.

Sensitive authentication tokens in Apache APISIX OpenID Connect plugin transmit in cleartext when connecting to identity providers, affecting versions 0.7 through 3.15.0. The ssl_verify parameter defaults to false, disabling TLS certificate validation and enabling potential man-in-the-middle interception of authentication credentials. With CVSS 7.5 (High), network-based attackers can intercept confidential data without authentication. EPSS probability is minimal (0.01%, 2nd percentile) with no confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV absent), indicating theoretical risk despite high CVSS severity.

Apache APISIX 2.99.0 through 3.15.0 transmits sensitive log data in cleartext over HTTP when exporting logs to Tencent Cloud CLS, allowing network-based attackers to intercept and read confidential information without authentication. Vendor-released patch: version 3.16.0. EPSS indicates low real-world exploitation probability (0.01%), though the attack vector is unauthenticated and low-complexity, suggesting availability of automated interception tools rather than active targeted exploitation.

PHP object injection in Smart Post Show WordPress plugin versions ≤3.0.12 allows administrators to deserialize untrusted input via the import_shortcodes() function. While no POP chain exists in the plugin itself (making direct exploitation impossible), the vulnerability becomes critical if paired with another plugin/theme containing exploitable gadget chains, potentially enabling file deletion, data exfiltration, or remote code execution. CVSS 7.2 (High) reflects theoretical maximum impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, with EPSS data unavailable for this recent CVE identifier.

GitHub Actions credential leakage in PraisonAI through ArtiPACKED attack exposes GITHUB_TOKEN and ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN in workflow artifacts. Versions 4.5.139 and below persist credentials in .git/config via actions/checkout without disabling persist-credentials, allowing any user with read access to public repository artifacts to extract tokens and compromise the supply chain. CVSS 9.1 (Critical) with network-accessible, unauthenticated attack vector. EPSS data not provided; no confirmed active exploitation (KEV status not indicated), but attack technique is publicly documented by Palo Alto Unit42 and widely reported. Vendor-released patch available in version 4.5.140.

Stored Cross-Site Scripting in MaxKB's MdRenderer component allows authenticated users to inject malicious scripts via custom <iframe_render> tags in LLM responses or Application Prologue configurations, leading to JavaScript execution in the parent window context with access to session tokens and sensitive data. MaxKB versions 2.7.1 and earlier are affected; the vulnerability is fixed in version 2.8.0. The attack requires user interaction (UI:P) but impacts all visitors to an affected application's chat interface, making it a high-impact stored XSS despite the moderate CVSS 5.1 score.

Stored Cross-Site Scripting in MaxKB 2.7.1 and below allows authenticated users to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the Application prologue field via <html_rander> tags, which the backend stores unsanitized and the frontend renders with innerHTML-equivalent mechanisms. Exploitation enables session hijacking, unauthorized workspace/application deletion, and sensitive data exposure against any visitor accessing the affected chatbot. Fixed in version 2.8.0.

SAP Human Capital Management for SAP S/4HANA allows authenticated users with low privileges to enumerate and guess sensitive information through specific authorization check messages, resulting in information disclosure beyond their authorized scope. The vulnerability affects SAP HCM across affected versions and requires low-privilege authenticated access to exploit, with a CVSS score of 6.5 reflecting high confidentiality impact but no integrity or availability compromise.

SAP HANA Cockpit and HANA Database Explorer leak sensitive information to authenticated network users due to improper credential storage mechanisms (CWE-522). An authenticated attacker with network access can retrieve confidential data without requiring elevated privileges or user interaction. This vulnerability affects all versions of SAP HANA Cockpit and HANA Database Explorer; patch availability and active exploitation status are not confirmed from available data.

An issue pertaining to CWE-843: Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type was discovered in transloadit uppy v0.25.6.

Crypt::SecretBuffer versions before 0.019 for Perl is suseceptible to timing attacks. For example, if Crypt::SecretBuffer was used to store and compare plaintext passwords, then discrepencies in timing could be used to guess the secret password.

jq is a command-line JSON processor. In commits before 2f09060afab23fe9390cce7cb860b10416e1bf5f, the jv_parse_sized() API in libjq accepts a counted buffer with an explicit length parameter, but its error-handling path formats the input buffer using %s in jv_string_fmt(), which reads until a NUL terminator is found rather than respecting the caller-supplied length. This means that when malformed JSON is passed in a non-NUL-terminated buffer, the error construction logic performs an out-of-bounds read past the end of the buffer. The vulnerability is reachable by any libjq consumer calling jv_parse_sized() with untrusted input, and depending on memory layout, can result in memory disclosure or process termination. The issue has been patched in commit 2f09060afab23fe9390cce7cb860b10416e1bf5f.

jq is a command-line JSON processor. In commits after 69785bf77f86e2ea1b4a20ca86775916889e91c9, the _strindices builtin in jq's src/builtin.c passes its arguments directly to jv_string_indexes() without verifying they are strings, and jv_string_indexes() in src/jv.c relies solely on assert() checks that are stripped in release builds compiled with -DNDEBUG. This allows an attacker to crash jq trivially with input like _strindices(0), and by crafting a numeric value whose IEEE-754 bit pattern maps to a chosen pointer, achieve a controlled pointer dereference and limited memory read/probe primitive. Any deployment that evaluates untrusted jq filters against a release build is vulnerable. This issue has been patched in commit fdf8ef0f0810e3d365cdd5160de43db46f57ed03.

Denial of service in Ubiquiti UniFi Play PowerAmp (≤1.0.35) and Audio Port (≤1.0.24) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to crash devices via improper input validation. CVSS 7.5 (High) with network-based attack requiring no privileges or user interaction. EPSS score of 0.01% (1st percentile) indicates minimal real-world exploitation likelihood. No public exploit identified at time of analysis. Vendor-released patches available: PowerAmp 1.0.38+ and Audio Port 1.1.9+.

A security flaw has been discovered in nocobase plugin-workflow-javascript up to 2.0.23. This issue affects the function createSafeConsole of the file packages/plugins/@nocobase/plugin-workflow-javascript/src/server/Vm.js. Performing a manipulation results in sandbox issue. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below both 7.1.2-19 and 6.9.13-44, the -sample operation has an out of bounds read when an specific offset is set through the `sample:offset` define that could lead to an out of bounds read. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19.

Craft Commerce is an ecommerce platform for Craft CMS. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.10.2 and 5.0.0 through 5.5.4, the PaymentsController::actionPay discloses some order data to unauthenticated users when an order number is provided and the email check fails during an anonymous payment. The JSON error response includes the serialized order object (order), which contains some sensitive fields such as customer email, shipping address, and billing address. The frontend payment flow's actionPay() retrieves orders by number before authorization is fully enforcedLoad order by number. This issue has been fixed in versions 4.11.0 and 5.6.0.

### Summary A broken access control vulnerability allows unauthenticated users to retrieve note assets directly from the asset download endpoint when they know both the note UUID and asset UUID. This exposes the full contents of private note assets without authentication, even when the associated book is not public. ### Details The issue is caused by the asset download route being registered without authentication middleware. Relevant route registration: - `handlers/assets.go`, line 40 ```go huma.Get(api, "/api/notes/{noteID}/assets/{assetID}", h.GetNoteAssetContentByID) ``` By contrast, other asset operations correctly apply authentication middleware. For example: ```go huma.Delete(api, "/api/notes/{noteID}/assets/{assetID}", h.DeleteNoteAsset, huma.WithMiddleware(h.authMiddleware.AuthRequiredMiddleware)) ``` The backend service for asset retrieval also does not enforce ownership or visibility checks. According to the provided code references, the lookup only queries the asset table by asset ID and note ID: ```sql SELECT * FROM note_assets WHERE id = ? AND note_id = ? ``` Because the retrieval path does not join against the related `notes` or `books` records, it does not verify: - whether the requester owns the parent book - whether the parent book is public or private - whether the related note has been deleted As a result, possession of a valid `noteID` and `assetID` is sufficient to retrieve the asset binary, regardless of whether the note belongs to a private book. The exploitability is constrained by identifier knowledge. Both `noteID` and `assetID` are UUIDv4 values, so blind guessing is impractical. However, the endpoint remains vulnerable whenever those identifiers are disclosed through another channel, such as leaked links, browser history, proxy logs, shared URLs, or other application behaviors that expose internal asset references. ### PoC The issue can be reproduced by creating a private note with an attached asset, then requesting the asset download endpoint without authentication using the valid `noteID` and `assetID`. The server returns the asset content even though the associated note is private. ### Impact - **Type:** Broken access control / unauthenticated information disclosure - **Who is impacted:** Any deployment exposing the affected asset download endpoint - **Security impact:** Full binary contents of private note assets can be disclosed to unauthenticated users who know the required identifiers - **Attack preconditions:** The attacker must know both the target `noteID` and `assetID`; no authentication is required - **Attack complexity:** High, because successful exploitation depends on prior disclosure of both UUIDs rather than feasible online guessing

### Summary A timing side-channel in the login endpoint allows unauthenticated attackers to determine whether a username exists by measuring response time differences. Requests for valid usernames take noticeably longer because the server performs bcrypt password verification, while requests for nonexistent usernames return much faster. This enables reliable remote username enumeration and increases the risk of targeted credential attacks. ### Details The issue affects the login endpoint: - `POST /api/auth/token` The root cause is that authentication processing takes different code paths depending on whether the supplied username exists. When the username is found, the server performs `bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword`, which adds substantial latency. When the username does not exist, the server returns immediately without performing an equivalent bcrypt operation. Vulnerable flow: ```go user, err := db.Where("username = ?", username).First(&user) if err != nil { return ErrUnauthorized } err = bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword(user.PasswordHash, []byte(password)) ``` This creates a measurable timing discrepancy between: - **existing username + wrong password** requests, which incur bcrypt cost - **nonexistent username + any password** requests, which avoid bcrypt entirely Because no constant-time equalization is performed, the endpoint leaks account existence through timing behavior. The measurements provided show a large and consistent gap between the two cases across repeated trials, making the difference distinguishable without requiring especially high request volume. In the supplied test results: - existing user requests averaged about `0.0616s` - nonexistent user requests averaged about `0.0027s` That gap is large enough to support reliable username enumeration under typical testing conditions. ### PoC The issue can be reproduced by sending repeated authentication attempts to the login endpoint using the same invalid password while alternating between a known valid username and a nonexistent username, then comparing average response times. Valid usernames consistently take longer because bcrypt verification is performed. ### Impact - **Type:** Timing side-channel / username enumeration - **Who is impacted:** Any deployment exposing the affected login endpoint - **Security impact:** Unauthenticated attackers can confirm valid usernames one at a time, improving the effectiveness of credential stuffing, password spraying, phishing, and other targeted account attacks - **Attack preconditions:** None beyond network access to the login endpoint - **Confidentiality impact:** Low to moderate, depending on the sensitivity of account existence in the target environment

Nimiq core-rs-albatross validators prior to version 1.3.0 can be remotely crashed via malformed Tendermint proposals. An unauthenticated network attacker exploits an off-by-one bounds check error (using > instead of >=) to trigger an out-of-bounds index panic before signature verification occurs. With CVSS 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) and EPSS 0.04%, this represents a straightforward denial-of-service vector against Proof-of-Stake validators in the Nimiq blockchain network, though no public exploit

Open redirection in Pachno 1.0.6's return_to parameter enables phishing campaigns that harvest user credentials by redirecting victims to attacker-controlled domains after login. With CVSS 7.1 (High) and EPSS 0.03% (9th percentile), exploitation requires user interaction but no authentication, making it effective for social engineering attacks. No active exploitation (CISA KEV) or public exploit code confirmed at time of analysis, though detailed advisories exist from ZeroScience and VulnCheck.

CPython decompression modules (lzma, bz2, gzip) allow memory corruption via use-after-free when decompressor instances are reused after MemoryError exceptions under memory pressure. Affects all CPython versions before 3.15.0. Exploitation requires network-accessible Python service that decompresses attacker-controlled data, operates under memory constraints, and reuses decompressor objects across multiple operations-a narrow but realistic scenario in containerized environments or resource-limited systems. No active exploitation confirmed (EPSS 0.05%, not in CISA KEV). Patch available via CPython 3.15.0.

Denial-of-service in ABB industrial control system products (AC800M, Symphony Plus SD/MR, S+ Operations) allows attackers on adjacent IEC 61850 networks to crash communication modules via malformed protocol packets. The vulnerability affects critical infrastructure PLCs and SCADA systems widely deployed in power substations and industrial automation. CVSS 7.1 (High) but low EPSS (0.02%) indicates limited attacker interest to date. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA SSVC a

DNS exfiltration in External Secrets Operator (ESO) allows authenticated Kubernetes users with ExternalSecret write permissions to leak secret material through controller-side DNS queries. The v2 template engine exposes Sprig's getHostByName function to user-controlled templates, enabling attackers to encode fetched secrets into DNS lookups performed by the ESO controller process. Patch available in v2.3.0 (commit 6800989b). No public exploit code identified at time of analysis, though the attack primitive is straightforward for actors with the requisite Kubernetes RBAC permissions.

Denial of service in Nimiq Core consensus peer handler allows unauthenticated remote attackers to crash the RequestMacroChain message handler by sending a crafted message where the first locator hash on the victim's main chain is a micro block instead of a macro block, triggering an unhandled panic via unwrap() on BlockIsNotMacro error. Vendor-released patch: v1.3.0. EPSS score of 0.04% (12th percentile) indicates low real-world exploitation probability despite network-accessible attack vector.

Missing login rate-limiting in HCL DevOps Velocity (all versions before 5.1.7) lets remote attackers submit unlimited authentication attempts past the intended failed-login threshold, enabling automated brute-force and credential-stuffing against user accounts. Reported by HCL and fixed in 5.1.7, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is very low (0.02%) and CISA SSVC records exploitation as none and technical impact as only partial, contrasting sharply with the vendor's 9.8 CVSS.

Before Airflow 3.2.0, it was unclear that secure Airflow deployments require the Deployment Manager to take appropriate actions and pay attention to security details and security model of Airflow. Some assumptions the Deployment Manager could make were not clear or explicit enough, even though Airflow's intentions and security model of Airflow did not suggest different assumptions. The overall security model [1], workload isolation [2], and JWT authentication details [3] are now described in more detail. Users concerned with role isolation and following the Airflow security model of Airflow are advised to upgrade to Airflow 3.2, where several security improvements have been implemented. They should also read and follow the relevant documents to make sure that their deployment is secure enough. It also clarifies that the Deployment Manager is ultimately responsible for securing your Airflow deployment. This had also been communicated via Airflow 3.2.0 Blog announcement [4]. [1] Security Model: https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/security/jwt_token_authentication.html [2] Workload isolation: https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/security/workload.html [3] JWT Token authentication: https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/security/jwt_token_authentication.html [4] Airflow 3.2.0 Blog announcement: https://airflow.apache.org/blog/airflow-3.2.0/ Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.2.0, which fixes this issue.

Uninitialized heap memory leaks to userspace via the Linux kernel's netfilter logging subsystem (nfnetlink_log), exposing 1-3 bytes of stale kernel heap content per logged packet through the NFULA_PAYLOAD netlink attribute. Affected systems are those running Linux kernel versions dating back to commit df6fb868d611 (circa 2.6.24) where NFLOG-based packet logging is configured. A low-privileged local attacker with access to an NFLOG netlink socket can passively harvest kernel memory fragments, potentially useful for defeating KASLR or reconstructing sensitive in-memory data. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.02%, 7th percentile), but the vulnerability class is well-understood by kernel exploit developers.

Stack corruption in the Linux kernel's netfilter SIP connection tracking helper (`nf_conntrack_sip`) allows a local low-privileged attacker to disrupt SIP call establishment by triggering use of an uninitialized `rtp_addr` stack variable in `process_sdp()`. When SDP bodies contain no valid media sections, the uninitialized address is passed to `nf_nat_sdp_session()`, which rewrites SDP `o=` and `c=` lines with either zeroes (when `CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO` is active) or arbitrary stack contents, corrupting session negotiation. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is 0.02% (7th percentile), and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel ACPI EC driver allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to achieve high integrity, confidentiality, and availability impact on reduced-hardware platforms when GPIO IRQ provider defers probing. Vendor patches are available across stable branches (6.1.168, 6.6.131, 6.12.80, 6.18.21, 6.19.11, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates very low observed exploitation probability, and no active exploitation is confirmed (not in CISA KEV). The vulnerability triggers when EC handler cleanup fails during probe deferral, leaving a dangling pointer that is later dereferenced during AML evaluation of EC OpRegion accesses (battery, thermal, backlight operations).

Divide-by-zero in the Linux kernel's HFSC traffic scheduler (net/sched/sch_hfsc.c) allows a local authenticated user to crash the kernel via a denial-of-service oops. The flaw is triggered by enqueueing packets through an HFSC qdisc configured with slope values that cause a u64-to-u32 arithmetic truncation to yield a zero divisor in rtsc_min(). With EPSS at 0.02% (7th percentile), no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis, real-world exploitation risk is currently low, though the crash path is deterministic and reproducible by anyone with HFSC configuration access.

Uncontrolled resource exhaustion in the Linux kernel bridge MRP subsystem allows a locally authenticated attacker to trigger a kernel OOM panic by supplying a zero-value test interval via netlink. The br_mrp_start_test() and br_mrp_start_in_test() functions lack input validation for the interval parameter; when set to zero, usecs_to_jiffies(0) yields 0, causing delayed work items on system_percpu_wq to reschedule themselves at maximum rate while continuously allocating and transmitting MRP test frames until all system memory is exhausted. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the EPSS score of 0.02% (6th percentile) reflects low current exploitation probability, though the denial-of-service impact is severe - a full kernel panic.

Local denial-of-service via kernel memory leak in the Linux kernel's netfilter ipset subsystem affects multiple stable branches from Linux 5.6 through the fixed releases 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. The mtype_del() function contains a logic flaw that prevents proper bucket release when all live entries are deleted but the positional counter (n->pos) still references past-deleted slots, causing accumulated unreleased kernel memory across repeated ipset add/delete operations. No public exploit code exists and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; EPSS at 0.02% (7th percentile) reflects very low real-world exploitation probability.

Local denial-of-service in the Linux kernel's netfilter nfnetlink_log subsystem allows a low-privileged local user to trigger a kernel WARN splat and cause netlink message drops. The root cause is an accounting error in NLMSG_DONE that omits the netlink header size, counting only the attribute size. With a CVSS score of 5.5 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L) and EPSS at 0.02% (7th percentile), this has no public exploit code identified at time of analysis and is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog - impact is limited to netlink logging availability, with no code execution or data exposure.

Use-after-free or race condition in Linux kernel netfilter connection tracking can lead to remote code execution, privilege escalation, or memory corruption. The vulnerability affects the nf_conntrack_expect module where unsafe access to helper names occurs without holding a reference to the master conntrack structure. Despite a critical CVSS score of 9.8 (network-accessible, no authentication required), EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.02%, 7th percentile), and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified. Vendor patches are available for kernel versions 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0.

Cortex XDR agent on Windows versions 7.9-CE through 9.0 allows authenticated local administrators to disable the agent through a protection mechanism bypass, enabling malware to operate undetected. The vulnerability requires high privileges and local access, but creates a critical detection evasion vector when exploited by administratively compromised systems or insider threats. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been reported at time of analysis.

Cryptographic signature bypass in Palo Alto Networks Cortex XSOAR and XSIAM Microsoft Teams integrations (versions 1.5.0 through 1.5.51) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to access and modify protected resources. The vulnerability stems from improper JWT verification (CWE-347), enabling attackers to forge authentication tokens. With CVSS 7.2 (High complexity, network-accessible, no privileges required) and tags indicating JWT attack vectors and information disclosure potential, this represents a critical integration security flaw requiring immediate patching to version 1.5.52 or later.

Server-side request forgery in the Foxit PDF Services API (cloud offering) lets a remote attacker supply a crafted URL that the backend fetches, coercing the server into making requests to attacker-chosen internal or external destinations. Because the service processes documents and URLs on behalf of clients, this can be abused to reach cloud metadata endpoints, internal-only services, and network zones normally shielded from the public internet, potentially disclosing credentials or sensitive data. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is very low (0.03%, 8th percentile), consistent with CISA SSVC scoring exploitation as 'none'.

Weak session ID generation in Solstice::Session for Perl (all versions through 1440) enables session prediction and hijacking attacks by unauthenticated remote attackers. The vulnerability stems from cryptographically weak entropy sources (MD5 with predictable epoch time, stringified hash references, 16-bit rand() seeding, and limited process IDs), allowing attackers to forge valid session tokens and impersonate legitimate users. EPSS score of 0.02% (4th percentile) indicates low observed exploi

Improper input validation in Samsung Mobile Retail Mode prior to SMR April 2026 Release 1 allows local attackers with limited privileges to trigger privileged functions, potentially leading to information disclosure and unauthorized modification of device state. The vulnerability requires physical or local access and low-privilege credentials, limiting immediate remote exploitation risk but posing significant concern for retail environments where devices are physically accessible to untrusted parties.

Samsung Mobile S Share application prior to the April 2026 SMR Release 1 exposes sensitive information to adjacent network attackers without requiring authentication, achieved through a low-complexity attack requiring only user interaction. The vulnerability has a CVSS 5.1 score reflecting limited confidentiality impact over an adjacent network, and is addressed in the April 2026 security patch release.

Samsung Camera prior to version 16.5.00.28 allows local attackers with limited privileges to access device location data through improper access control, requiring user interaction to trigger. This information disclosure vulnerability affects Samsung's mobile camera application and represents a localized privacy exposure on affected devices.

External control of file name in Samsung AODManager prior to April 2026 SMR Release 1 allows privileged local attackers to create files with system privileges, potentially leading to privilege escalation or system compromise. The vulnerability requires high-level local privileges and affects Samsung Mobile devices through a path traversal or file name manipulation flaw in the AODManager component. No public exploit code has been identified at the time of analysis.

Samsung DeX prior to the April 2026 Release 1 update contains improper access control that allows physical attackers to access hidden notification contents on affected Samsung mobile devices. The vulnerability requires direct physical access to the device but carries high scope and information integrity impact due to potential exposure of sensitive notification data. No public exploit code has been identified at the time of analysis.

Type confusion vulnerability in Samsung Open Source Escargot JavaScript engine allows local attackers with user interaction to manipulate pointers and achieve memory corruption, enabling information disclosure and privilege escalation through heap spray and type-confusion exploitation techniques. CVSS score is 6.5; no public exploit code or CISA KEV status confirmed at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds read in Samsung Open Source Escargot JavaScript engine exposes sensitive memory content to remote attackers through user interaction. The vulnerability affects Escargot commit 97e8115ab1110bc502b4b5e4a0c689a71520d335 and allows information disclosure with partial availability impact. CVSS 5.9 (medium) reflects the requirement for user interaction and high complexity attack prerequisites, though the memory exposure potential warrants monitoring for patches.

Out-of-bounds read in Samsung Open Source Escargot JavaScript engine allows local attackers to leak sensitive memory contents and cause denial of service. Affects Escargot commit 97e8115ab1110bc502b4b5e4a0c689a71520d335 and potentially other versions; the vulnerability requires local access and specific conditions to trigger but can expose confidential data and crash the application without authentication. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Remote file and directory information exposure in code-projects Simple ChatBox 1.0 allows unauthenticated attackers to disclose sensitive file paths and directory structures via manipulation of the SimpleChatbox_PHP endpoint. The vulnerability affects the chatbox.sql component and has publicly available exploit code; attackers can enumerate filesystem information without authentication or user interaction, creating risk for reconnaissance and secondary attack planning.

Race condition in Huawei HarmonyOS power consumption statistics module allows local privileged users to disclose information and modify system integrity, potentially affecting service availability. The vulnerability requires high privilege level and local access but enables information disclosure combined with integrity and availability impact. CVSS 6.3 reflects moderate real-world risk given the privilege requirement; Huawei has issued security advisories indicating patch availability.

Race condition in Huawei HarmonyOS thermal management module allows local authenticated users to disclose information and modify system integrity through concurrent access exploitation. An attacker with high privileges can trigger a timing-dependent race condition to achieve information disclosure, integrity compromise, and potential availability impact. CVSS 6.3 reflects the attack's requirement for high privilege escalation and local access, though the integrity impact (I:H) signals significant potential for system manipulation despite the officially stated availability focus.

Use-after-free vulnerability in Huawei HarmonyOS and EMUI kernel module allows local attackers without privileges to read sensitive memory, modify data, and crash the system (confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact). The vulnerability affects an unspecified range of HarmonyOS and EMUI versions; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at the time of analysis. CVSS score of 5.9 reflects moderate local attack risk with low complexity.