Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (73902)
Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 and Microsoft Edge allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted web site, aka "Microsoft Browser Information Disclosure Vulnerability.". Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The kernel in Apple iOS before 9.3.5 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information from memory via a crafted app. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2; Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1; Windows 7 SP1; Windows 8.1; Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2; Windows RT 8.1; and Windows 10 Gold, 1511, and. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
Untrusted search path vulnerability in the HGFS (aka Shared Folders) feature in VMware Tools 10.0.5 in VMware ESXi 5.0 through 6.0, VMware Workstation Pro 12.1.x before 12.1.1, VMware Workstation. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 25.5%.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebLogic Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.3.6.0, 12.1.3.0, and 12.2.1.0 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 94.0%.
Microsoft Visio 2007 SP3, Visio 2010 SP2, Visio 2013 SP1, Visio 2016, Visio Viewer 2007 SP3, and Visio Viewer 2010 mishandle library loading, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The WAP interface in Trihedral VTScada (formerly VTS) 8.x through 11.x before 11.2.02 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and application crash) via unspecified. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and EPSS exploitation probability 67.0%.
The EPHEMERAL coder in ImageMagick before 6.9.3-10 and 7.x before 7.0.1-1 allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary files via a crafted image. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The Win32k kernel-mode driver in Windows Vista through Windows 10 allows local privilege escalation through an unspecified vulnerability in window object handling, exploited in the wild by APT groups.
The kernel-mode driver in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold and 1511. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 through 11 allows remote attackers to determine the existence of files via crafted JavaScript code, aka "Internet Explorer Information Disclosure Vulnerability.". Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and EPSS exploitation probability 38.0%.
The Array.prototype.concat implementation in builtins.cc in Google V8, as used in Google Chrome before 49.0.2623.108, does not properly consider element data types, which allows remote attackers to. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The Universal Worklist Configuration in SAP NetWeaver AS JAVA 7.4 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive user information via a crafted HTTP request, aka SAP Security Note 2256846. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The kernel in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Elevation of Privilege. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Application Testing Suite component in Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control 12.4.0.2 and 12.5.0.2 allows remote attackers to affect integrity and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 88.4%.
The kernel in Microsoft Windows 10 Gold allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Kernel Memory Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.". Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev).
Local privilege escalation in Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (ABRT) before 2.7.1 allows a local user to overwrite arbitrary files by pre-placing a symlink at a predictable coredump path, causing the elevated-privilege ccpp hook to follow the symlink and write attacker-controlled data to the target. Affected systems include RHEL 7.0 Desktop, Server, HPC Node, and Workstation deployments where ABRT is installed by default. This vulnerability is confirmed actively exploited per CISA KEV, has a public exploit on Exploit-DB (#38832), and sits at the 94th EPSS percentile, making it a genuine remediation priority on any RHEL 7 system.
The Fingerprints pages in Jenkins before 1.638 and LTS before 1.625.2 might allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive job and build name information via a direct request. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and EPSS exploitation probability 27.4%.
ZOHO ManageEngine OpManager 11.5 build 11600 and earlier uses a hardcoded password of "plugin" for the IntegrationUser account, which allows remote authenticated users to obtain administrator access. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 77.7%.
dyld in Apple OS X before 10.10.5 does not properly validate pathnames in the environment, which allows local users to gain privileges via unspecified vectors. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The kernel in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 allows. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 17.6%.
The management console in Symantec Endpoint Protection Manager (SEPM) 12.1 before 12.1-RU6-MP1 allows remote authenticated users to write to arbitrary files, and consequently obtain administrator. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 51.2%.
Unspecified vulnerability in Oracle Java SE 6u95, 7u80, and 8u45, and Java SE Embedded 7u75 and 8u33 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via unknown vectors. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and EPSS exploitation probability 63.0%.
The AuthenticationFilter class in SolarWinds Storage Manager allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary scripts via unspecified vectors. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 87.7%.
Win32k.sys in Windows Server 2003, Vista, and Server 2008 allows local privilege escalation through a kernel-mode vulnerability, exploited in the wild alongside browser zero-days in April 2015 as part of APT attack chains.
Adobe Flash Player before 13.0.0.262 and 14.x through 16.x before 16.0.0.287 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.438 on Linux does not properly restrict discovery of memory addresses, which. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev).
Unspecified vulnerability in the management portal in ARRIS VAP2500 before FW08.41 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unknown vectors. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 41.7%.
The Windows Kerberos KDC fails to properly validate PAC signatures, allowing any authenticated domain user to forge Kerberos tickets and gain domain administrator privileges. Known as MS14-068, one of the most critical Active Directory vulnerabilities ever disclosed.
Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability," as exploited in the wild in. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and EPSS exploitation probability 53.6%.
win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
vmtadmin.cgi in VMTurbo Operations Manager before 4.6 build 28657 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the fileDate parameter in a DOWN call. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 88.3%.
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 allows remote attackers to gain privileges via a crafted web site, aka "Internet Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.". Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and EPSS exploitation probability 26.4%.
Unspecified vulnerability in HP Operations Agent 11.00, when Glance is used, allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4). Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 12.2%.
Microsoft Windows XP SP3 does not validate addresses in certain IRP handler routines, which allows local users to write data to arbitrary memory locations, and consequently gain privileges, via a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 18.7%.
Gitlist before 0.5.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the file name in the URI of a request for a (1) blame, (2) file, or (3) stats page, as. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 86.6%.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox component in Oracle Virtualization VirtualBox before 3.2.24, 4.0.26, 4.1.34, 4.2.26, and 4.3.12 allows local users to affect integrity and. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.6), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The futex_requeue function in kernel/futex.c in the Linux kernel through 3.14.5 does not ensure that calls have two different futex addresses, which allows local users to gain privileges via a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
VICIDIAL dialer (aka Asterisk GUI client) 2.8-403a, 2.7, 2.7RC1, and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the extension parameter in an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 82.4%.
The SSH key upload feature (lib/gitlab_keys.rb) in gitlab-shell before 1.7.3, as used in GitLab 5.0 before 5.4.1 and 6.x before 6.2.3, allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 49.8%.
The iControl API in F5 BIG-IP LTM, APM, ASM, GTM, Link Controller, and PSM 10.0.0 through 10.2.4 and 11.0.0 through 11.5.1, BIG-IP AAM 11.4.0 through 11.5.1, BIG-IP AFM and PEM 11.3.0 through 11.5.1,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 64.6%.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Event Processing component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.7.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect integrity via vectors related to CEP system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 80.0%.
The (1) TLS and (2) DTLS implementations in OpenSSL 1.0.1 before 1.0.1g do not properly handle Heartbeat Extension packets, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information from process. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The ParametersInterceptor in Apache Struts before 2.3.16.2 allows remote attackers to "manipulate" the ClassLoader via the class parameter, which is passed to the getClass method. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 93.1%.
The Microsoft.XMLDOM ActiveX control in Microsoft Windows 8.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to determine the existence of local pathnames, UNC share pathnames, intranet hostnames, and intranet. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The compat_sys_recvmmsg function in net/compat.c in the Linux kernel before 3.13.2, when CONFIG_X86_X32 is enabled, allows local users to gain privileges via a recvmmsg system call with a crafted. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9). Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 51.5%.
The bashMail function in cms/data/skins/techjunkie/fragments/contacts/functions.php in SkyBlueCanvas CMS before 1.1 r248-04, when the pid parameter is 4, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 77.8%.
NDProxy.sys in the kernel in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3 and Server 2003 SP2 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, as exploited in the wild in November 2013. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The (1) get_user and (2) put_user API functions in the Linux kernel before 3.5.5 on the v6k and v7 ARM platforms do not validate certain addresses, which allows attackers to read or modify the. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
Microsoft Silverlight 5 before 5.1.20913.0 does not properly validate pointers during access to Silverlight elements, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a crafted. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k NULL Page Vulnerability.". Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 17.7%.
Untrusted search path vulnerability in Corel PDF Fusion 1.11 allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse wintab32.dll file in the current working directory, as demonstrated by a. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 59.5%.
Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OGNL expressions via a parameter with a crafted (1) action:, (2) redirect:, or (3) redirectAction: prefix. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the InfiniBand subsystem in IBM AIX 6.1 and 7.1, and VIOS 2.2.2.2-FP-26 SP-02, allow local users to gain privileges via vectors involving (1) arp.ib or (2). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Endeca Server component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 7.4.0 and 7.5.1.1 allows remote authenticated users to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 72.2%.
Incomplete blacklist vulnerability in nrpc.c in Nagios Remote Plug-In Executor (NRPE) before 2.14 might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands via "$()" shell metacharacters,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 76.4%.
Mozilla Firefox before 21.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.6, Thunderbird before 17.0.6, and Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.6 do not properly initialize data structures for the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
The perf_swevent_init function in kernel/events/core.c in the Linux kernel before 3.8.9 uses an incorrect integer data type, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted perf_event_open. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Content component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.1.3.5.1 and 11.1.1.6.0 allows remote authenticated users to affect availability via unknown vectors. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 68.9%.
includes/functions.php in ZoneMinder Video Server 1.24.0, 1.25.0, and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the (1) runState parameter in the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 78.2%.
Adobe ColdFusion 9.0, 9.0.1, and 9.0.2 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in January 2013. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and EPSS exploitation probability 83.3%.
Adobe ColdFusion 9.0, 9.0.1, 9.0.2, and 10, when a password is not configured, allows attackers to access restricted directories via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in January 2013. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
MySQL 5.5.19 and possibly other versions, and MariaDB 5.5.28a and possibly other versions, when configured to assign the FILE privilege to users who should not have administrative privileges, allows. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 88.8%.
Unspecified vulnerability in admin/sources/base/core.php in Invision Power Board (aka IPB or IP.Board) 3.1.x through 3.3.x has unknown impact and remote attack vectors. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 83.0%.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) component in Oracle Java SE 7 Update 7 and earlier allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 79.3%.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) component in Oracle Java SE 7 Update 7 and earlier, and 6 Update 35 and earlier, allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality,. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 65.9%.
file/show.cgi in Webmin 1.590 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via an invalid character in a pathname, as demonstrated by a | (pipe) character. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 80.0%.
Tunnelblick 3.3beta20 and earlier relies on argv[0] to determine the name of an appropriate (1) kernel module pathname or (2) executable file pathname, which allows local users to gain privileges via. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 27.8%.
Config/diff.php in Basilic 1.5.14 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the file parameter. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 85.5%.
Untrusted search path vulnerability in VBE6.dll in Microsoft Office 2003 SP3, 2007 SP2 and SP3, and 2010 Gold and SP1; Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA); and Summit Microsoft Visual Basic. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Forms Recognition component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 10.1.3.5 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability via. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and EPSS exploitation probability 39.6%.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle AutoVue Office component in Oracle Supply Chain Products Suite 20.1.1 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality, integrity, and availability, related. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 85.1%.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) component in Oracle Java SE 7 Update 2 and earlier, 6 Update 30 and earlier, and JavaFX 2.0.2 and earlier allows remote untrusted Java. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 74.9%.
Local privilege escalation in Windows afd.sys (Ancillary Function Driver) allows unauthenticated local attackers to gain SYSTEM privileges on Windows XP SP2/SP3 and Server 2003 SP2 through a crafted application requiring user interaction. CISA KEV confirms active exploitation in the wild, with EPSS score at 67.09% (99th percentile) indicating extremely high real-world exploitation likelihood. Multiple public exploit codes exist (Exploit-DB 21844, 18176), making this vulnerability trivially exploitable despite its age. Microsoft released patches via MS11-080 in October 2011, but legacy systems remain vulnerable.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Task Scheduler allows authenticated users to execute code with SYSTEM privileges through crafted scheduled tasks that exploit improper security context validation. Affects Windows Vista SP1/SP2, Windows Server 2008 (all service packs and editions), Windows Server 2008 R2, and Windows 7. Public exploit code exists (Exploit-DB 15589, 19930) with a 63% EPSS score (98th percentile), indicating high real-world exploitation probability despite requiring local access. Microsoft addressed this via MS10-092 bulletin in December 2010, though the note suggests potential overlap with CVE-2010-3888.
The Windows kernel from NT 3.1 through Windows 7 improperly validates BIOS calls on 32-bit x86 platforms with 16-bit application support enabled, allowing local users to gain SYSTEM privileges and bypass UAC.
Confirmed actively exploited vulnerability in qt6-qtwebengine on Alpine Linux has been patched in package version 6.10.1-r2. Qt6 WebEngine is a Chromium-based web content rendering component embedded in Qt6 applications; vulnerabilities in this component typically affect any application that renders untrusted web content. Despite CISA KEV confirmation of active exploitation, the EPSS score of 0.30% (53rd percentile) suggests exploitation has been targeted rather than widespread, warranting urgent patching prioritization nonetheless.
Qt6 WebEngine (qt6-qtwebengine) on Alpine Linux has been patched in package version 6.10.1-r7, addressing an unspecified vulnerability. The nature, severity, and exploitability of the underlying flaw are not disclosed in available intelligence - no CVE description, CVSS score, CWE classification, or vendor advisory narrative has been published at time of analysis. Alpine Linux is the sole reporting source, and the fix is confirmed present in the Alpine package repository at version 6.10.1-r7.
Integer underflow (CWE-191) in Netatalk, the open-source Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) server, allows a network-authenticated attacker to trigger memory corruption that may result in information disclosure, arbitrary code execution, or denial of service. The vulnerability affects versions prior to 4.4.3 and is patched in Netatalk 4.4.3 (Alpine Linux package 4.4.3-r0). No public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been identified at time of analysis.
Active exploitation confirmed by CISA KEV affects qt6-qtwebengine on Alpine Linux, with the vulnerability addressed in package version 6.9.1-r3. The specific vulnerability class and technical mechanism are not disclosed in available intelligence - the only confirmed data point beyond KEV status is the Alpine Linux package fix designation. Despite CISA KEV confirmation, the EPSS score of 0.25% (49th percentile) is notably low, indicating exploitation is targeted rather than widespread or automated. Any application or system running Alpine Linux with qt6-qtwebengine prior to 6.9.1-r3 should be treated as at risk given the confirmed exploitation status.
Netatalk on Alpine Linux contains an unspecified vulnerability addressed by the Alpine package maintainers in version 4.4.3-r0. The nature of the flaw, affected attack surface, and impact have not been disclosed in the available intelligence - the sole data point is the vendor-issued Alpine Linux package fix. Security teams should treat this as a pending-disclosure patch event and apply the update while awaiting a full CVE write-up.
Improper neutralization of terminal control/escape sequences in ack (App::Ack), the Perl-based grep-like source-code search tool by Andy Lester, is fixed in v3.10.0 and affects all prior releases (App::Ack 0 through ≤3.10.0). When ack prints matching lines from attacker-controlled files, unsanitized control/meta sequences are passed through to the terminal, which per the CVSS vector (A:H) can disrupt or hang the terminal session and is separately tagged as an information-disclosure risk. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial-of-service / file-path abuse affects the ack source-code search tool (Perl App::Ack) in all versions up to and including 3.10.0, packaged in Alpine Linux as 'ack' prior to 3.10.0-r0. Rooted in CWE-73 (External Control of File Name or Path), the flaw is tagged as Information Disclosure yet carries an availability-only CVSS impact (A:H), so the concrete effect is ambiguous from the source data. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
JWT signature verification weakness in the Cacti network monitoring framework (fixed in 1.2.31) lets an authenticated low-privilege user forge or tamper with JSON Web Tokens whose signatures are not properly validated, undermining token integrity. The CWE-347 root cause combined with the vendor's 'Jwt Attack' and 'Information Disclosure' tags points to token forgery that can bypass intended authorization checks. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV; it was reported through the Alpine Linux vendor channel and patched upstream by the Cacti project.
Privilege escalation and information disclosure in the Incus container and VM manager (Alpine Linux package incus-feature, fixed in 7.3.0-r0) lets a low-privileged but authenticated user abuse attacker-controlled file names/paths (CWE-73) to reach data or resources outside their intended boundary, with a scope-changed impact reaching the host. The CVSS 9.9 rating reflects network reachability, low attack complexity, and full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; the issue is tracked in upstream advisory GHSA-fmjx-5j3g-997p.
libgit2, the portable C library implementing Git core methods, received a security fix in Alpine Linux package version 1.9.6-r0. The nature, severity, and impact of the underlying vulnerability are not disclosed in available data - only the patched package version is confirmed by the Alpine Linux vendor advisory. No public exploit, KEV listing, CVSS score, or CWE classification is available at time of analysis.
Incus container and virtual machine manager on Alpine Linux contains an unspecified vulnerability fixed in package version 7.3.0-r0. The vulnerability affects the incus-feature package and was reported directly by the Alpine Linux vendor. No description of the flaw's nature, attack vector, or impact has been published - the CVE record is a minimal fix-notification entry with no technical detail, making independent risk assessment impossible at this time.
Command injection and arbitrary file truncation in the Perl GD module before 2.86 (perl-gd 2.86-r0 on Alpine) arise because GD::Image's _make_filehandle helper opened filenames using Perl's two-argument open(). When an application passes an attacker-influenced filename to constructors like GD::Image->new or newFrom*, prefixes such as `cmd |`, `| cmd`, or `> file` are interpreted by Perl as a command pipe or redirect, yielding command execution or destructive file truncation. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; EPSS is 0.26% (50th percentile).
CVE-2026-62867 affects the incus-feature package on Alpine Linux, fixed in package version 7.3.0-r0. The available intelligence is limited to a single vendor-sourced Alpine Linux advisory with no description of the vulnerability class, attack vector, or exploitability. No CVSS score, CWE, or exploitation details have been published. The nature of the flaw - whether it involves privilege escalation, container escape, information disclosure, or another impact - is not determinable from the available data.
Client-side memory corruption in FreeRDP (all versions before 3.27.1) lets a malicious or compromised RDP server compromise a connecting client through improperly bounds-checked bitmap cache orders. The cacheId field of Cache Bitmap V2/V3 orders was masked to only two bits (0x0003) instead of three (0x0007) and used to index cell-cache arrays without validating it against the negotiated number of cells, enabling out-of-bounds access controlled by the server. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low (0.45%, 36th percentile), but the CVSS 8.8 reflects full confidentiality, integrity and availability impact once a user connects to the attacker's server.
Out-of-bounds read in FreeRDP's H264 decompression codec allows a malicious or compromised RDP server to trigger memory disclosure and potential client crash when a user connects and receives crafted video frames with mismatched dimensions. Affected clients include all FreeRDP builds prior to 3.27.0 using any of the supported H264 backends (FFmpeg, OpenH264, Android MediaCodec, Windows Media Foundation). No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though CVSS 4.0 signals high confidentiality and availability impact with only passive user interaction required.